LP10: Cognitive and Sensory Impairments Flashcards
What are the components of the Sensory Experience?
*Reception
*Perception
What are External Stimuli?
*Sight
*Hearing
*Smell
*Taste
*Touch
What are Internal Stimuli?
*Touch
*Balance (vestibular)
*Kinesthetic (bod position)
*Visceral
What is the structure of the cerebrum?
Thinking, memory, learning
What is the structure of the ceerebellum?
Unconscious functions, equilibrium, smooth-muscle functioning.
What is the structure of brain stem?
Controls vital functions (HR, RR, swallowing)
What factors affect sensation and perception?
-Developmental stage
-Culture
-Lifestyle
-Stress
-Illness
-Medications
What is Sensory Deficit?
Can affect all 5 senses (vision, hearing loss, diminished taste, and smell decreased tactile)
What are the levels of consciousness?
*Alert
*Lethargic (somnolent)
*Obtunded
*Stupor or semi-comatose
*Comatose
What is arounsal?
A person’s general response
What is awareness?
Accurate perception and reaction
What is orientation?
Perceptions of self to the surrounding environment
-Time
-Place
-Person
What is Immediate Memory?
Quick and info retained for a short period of time
What is Recent Memory?
Information retained within 24 hrs
What is Remote Memory?
Long term memory, such as birth date, etc.
What is Dementia?
A broad term for a slow, insidious process that results in progressive loss of cognitive function.
-Irreversible
What is Alzheimer’s Disease?
The most common type of dementia. Due to pathological changes in the brain tissue
-Can be treated but not cured
-Four stages -> Mild, moderate, moderate to severe, and late stage.
What is Delirium?
-Acute confusion.
-Temporary, tx reverses the confusion
What is Perception?
Awareness of reality
What is Illusion?
Taking info in but not interpreting it correctly
What is Hallucination?
Hearing and/or seeing things that are not there
What is Delusion?
Believing something that is not true. (Pt. believes that somebody wants to kill them)
What is Aphasia?
The loss of the ability to speak or write coherently, or to understand speech or writing, due to a CVA (stroke).
What is Conduction Hearing Loss?
Result of interrupted transmission of sound waves through the outer and middle ear structure.
What is Sensorineural Hearing Loss?
Damage to the inner ear, the auditory nerve, or the hearing center in the brain.
What is Mixed hearing loss?
Combination of conduction and sensorineural hearing loss.
What is Presbyopia?
Loss of elasticity of the lens and loss of ability to see close objects.
What are S/S of Presbyopia?
-Begins at about 45 years of age.
-Difficulty reading small print - newspaper
-Reading glasses or bifocals are required
What is Glaucoma?
Increased intraocular pressure within the eye caused by obstruction of the outflow of aqueous humor.
What are the S/S of Glaucoma?
-Develops slowly
-Can be genetic
-Cause of blindness in people over the age of 40
-Controlled with eyedrops
-Loss of Peripheral vision
-Halo’s around lights
What are Cataracts?
Opacity or clouding of the lens or its capsule
What are S/S of Cataracts?
-Occurs in persons over the age of 65
-Removed with surgery and replace by lens implants
-Can be congenital in infants
-Blurry vision
-Glare when driving
-Double vision
What is Macular Degeneration?
Gradual degeneration of the macular region of the retina gives us color vision, acute vision, and central vision.
What are S/S of Macular Degeneration?
-Central vision loss
-Wavy lines in the central vision
What does PERRLA stand for?
-Pupils
-Equal
-Round
-Reactive to light
-Accommodation
What is Stereognosis?
The ability to perceive and understand an object through touch by its size, shape, and texture.
What are some stimulations that affect patient’s stability?
-Isolation
-Visitors
-Able to utilize the tv, radio, newspaper
-Excess noise, stree
