LP10: Cognitive and Sensory Impairments

Question 1

What are the components of the Sensory Experience?

Answer 1

*Reception
*Perception

Question 2

What are External Stimuli?

Answer 2

*Sight
*Hearing
*Smell
*Taste
*Touch

Question 3

What are Internal Stimuli?

Answer 3

*Touch
*Balance (vestibular)
*Kinesthetic (bod position)
*Visceral

Question 4

What is the structure of the cerebrum?

Answer 4

Thinking, memory, learning

Question 5

What is the structure of the ceerebellum?

Answer 5

Unconscious functions, equilibrium, smooth-muscle functioning.

Question 6

What is the structure of brain stem?

Answer 6

Controls vital functions (HR, RR, swallowing)

Question 7

What factors affect sensation and perception?

Answer 7

-Developmental stage
-Culture
-Lifestyle
-Stress
-Illness
-Medications

Question 8

What is Sensory Deficit?

Answer 8

Can affect all 5 senses (vision, hearing loss, diminished taste, and smell decreased tactile)

Question 9

What are the levels of consciousness?

Answer 9

*Alert
*Lethargic (somnolent)
*Obtunded
*Stupor or semi-comatose
*Comatose

Question 10

What is arounsal?

Answer 10

A person’s general response

Question 11

What is awareness?

Answer 11

Accurate perception and reaction

Question 12

What is orientation?

Answer 12

Perceptions of self to the surrounding environment

-Time
-Place
-Person

Question 13

What is Immediate Memory?

Answer 13

Quick and info retained for a short period of time

Question 14

What is Recent Memory?

Answer 14

Information retained within 24 hrs

Question 15

What is Remote Memory?

Answer 15

Long term memory, such as birth date, etc.

Question 16

What is Dementia?

Answer 16

A broad term for a slow, insidious process that results in progressive loss of cognitive function.

-Irreversible

Question 17

What is Alzheimer’s Disease?

Answer 17

The most common type of dementia. Due to pathological changes in the brain tissue

-Can be treated but not cured
-Four stages -> Mild, moderate, moderate to severe, and late stage.

Question 18

What is Delirium?

Answer 18

-Acute confusion.
-Temporary, tx reverses the confusion

Question 19

What is Perception?

Answer 19

Awareness of reality

Question 19

What is Illusion?

Answer 19

Taking info in but not interpreting it correctly

Question 20

What is Hallucination?

Answer 20

Hearing and/or seeing things that are not there

Question 21

What is Delusion?

Answer 21

Believing something that is not true. (Pt. believes that somebody wants to kill them)

Question 22

What is Aphasia?

Answer 22

The loss of the ability to speak or write coherently, or to understand speech or writing, due to a CVA (stroke).

Question 23

What is Conduction Hearing Loss?

Answer 23

Result of interrupted transmission of sound waves through the outer and middle ear structure.

Question 24

What is Sensorineural Hearing Loss?

Answer 24

Damage to the inner ear, the auditory nerve, or the hearing center in the brain.

Question 25

What is Mixed hearing loss?

Answer 25

Combination of conduction and sensorineural hearing loss.

Question 26

What is Presbyopia?

Answer 26

Loss of elasticity of the lens and loss of ability to see close objects.

Question 27

What are S/S of Presbyopia?

Answer 27

-Begins at about 45 years of age. -Difficulty reading small print - newspaper -Reading glasses or bifocals are required

Question 28

What is Glaucoma?

Answer 28

Increased intraocular pressure within the eye caused by obstruction of the outflow of aqueous humor.

Question 29

What are the S/S of Glaucoma?

Answer 29

-Develops slowly -Can be genetic -Cause of blindness in people over the age of 40 -Controlled with eyedrops -Loss of Peripheral vision -Halo's around lights

Question 30

What are Cataracts?

Answer 30

Opacity or clouding of the lens or its capsule

Question 31

What are S/S of Cataracts?

Answer 31

-Occurs in persons over the age of 65 -Removed with surgery and replace by lens implants -Can be congenital in infants -Blurry vision -Glare when driving -Double vision

Question 32

What is Macular Degeneration?

Answer 32

Gradual degeneration of the macular region of the retina gives us color vision, acute vision, and central vision.

Question 33

What are S/S of Macular Degeneration?

Answer 33

-Central vision loss -Wavy lines in the central vision

Question 34

What does PERRLA stand for?

Answer 34

-Pupils -Equal -Round -Reactive to light -Accommodation

Question 35

What is Stereognosis?

Answer 35

The ability to perceive and understand an object through touch by its size, shape, and texture.

Question 36

What are some stimulations that affect patient's stability?

Answer 36

-Isolation -Visitors -Able to utilize the tv, radio, newspaper -Excess noise, stree