LP3: Infection Flashcards
What is Colonization?
The multiplication or micro-organisms on a host that does NOT result in cellular damage.
What types of Flora are found in the body?
Resident (Good flora)
Transient
What is Infection?
An invasion & multiplication of micro-organisms in body tissue that results in cellular injury.
What are the 4 major types of micro org. Causing infections?
-Bacteria
-Virus
-Fungi
-Parasite
What is a localized infection?
Limited to a defined area or single organ (hand, knee)
What is a systematic infection?
Infection that affects the entire body or involve multiple organs.
S&S: Fever, increased RR and PR, malaise, tender and enlarged lymph nodes, anorexia, N/V.
What is an Acute infection?
Generally appears SUDDENLY or last short time.
What is a Chronic Infection?
May occur slowly, over a very long period, and may last months or years. (6 months or longer)
What are the Stages of the Infectious Process?
-Incubation (exposure to infection; incubating bugs)
-Prodromal (being sick with no symptoms present)
-Illness (symptoms are present)
-Convalescence (takes 7-10 days to get better/ back to normal)
What are Health Care Associated Infections (HAIs)?
Infections that originate from any health care setting.
What are Nosocomial Infections?
Infections that originate in the hospital (UTI, pneumonia)
What are some types of Nosocomial Infections?
-Endogenous (from the client)
-Exogenous (from the hospital)
-Iatrogenic (procedures)
-Poor hand hygiene of workers
-Compromised hosts
What are the most common sites of nosocomial infections?
-Urinary tract
-Surgical sites (wounds)
-Bloodstream
-Resp. Tract
What are the Elements of Infection Transmission?
(Chain of information)
-Infectious agent
-Source
-Portal of exit
-Mode of transmission
-Portal of entry
-Susceptible host
What are some types of source of infection?
-Patients
-Personnel
-Visitors
-Inanimate objects; such as supplies and equipment
What is Contact Transmission?
The most important and frequent mode of transmission. (Skin to skin)
What is Droplet Transmission?
Droplets propelled short distance (3ft) by coughing, sneezing, talking.
What is Airborne Transmission?
Long distance on air currents.
What is Vehicle Transmission?
When an agent is transferred to a host by contaminated water, food, and blood.
What is a Vectorborne Transmission?
When an agent is transferred to a host by fleas, mosquitoes, ticks, and other animals.
What is Elimination?
Bowel sounds that are present in all 4 quadrants.
What does inflammation consist of?
-Pain
-Swelling
-Redness
-Heat
What are the 3 stages of the Inflammation Response?
1st- Vascular and cellular response (Normal)
2nd- Exudate (pus) production
3rd- Reparative (new skin formation)
What are the Specific Immune Defenses?
-Antibody (mediated defenses: B lymphocytes)
-Cell (mediated defenses: T cells)
What is an Antibody-Mediated Defense?
Production of antibodies -> humoral immunity
What is Active Immunity?
Comes from infection and/or vaccination.
What is Passive Immunity?
Comes from a nursing mother and/or artificial antibodies.
(Immunity that is passed down)
What is a Cell-Mediated Defense?
Exposure to an antigen, the lymphoid tissues release large numbers of T CELLS into the lymph system.
What is the physical assessment for wounds?
-Inflammation
-Redness
-Swelling
-Heat
-Drainage
-Pain
What is Medical Asepsia?
-Clean technique
Practices that reduce the number and spread of micro org.
What is Surgical Asepsis?
-Sterile technique.
Practices that eliminate all micro org. & spores from an area.
What are Antiseptics?
Agents that inhibit the growth of some micro org.
What are Disinfectants?
Agents that destroy pathogens other than spores.
What is Sterilization?
Destroys all micro org. & spores.
What is a Pharmacological Intervention for Bacterial infections?
Antibiotics
What is a pharmacological intervention for a Viral Infection?
Antiviral agents
What is a pharmacological intervention for Fungal Infections?
Anti fungal drugs
What is pharmacological intervention to restore normal flora?
Probiotics
