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Nursing Fundamentals > LP3: Infection > Flashcards

LP3: Infection Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Colonization?

A

The multiplication or micro-organisms on a host that does NOT result in cellular damage.

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2
Q

What types of Flora are found in the body?

A

Resident (Good flora)
Transient

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3
Q

What is Infection?

A

An invasion & multiplication of micro-organisms in body tissue that results in cellular injury.

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4
Q

What are the 4 major types of micro org. Causing infections?

A

-Bacteria
-Virus
-Fungi
-Parasite

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5
Q

What is a localized infection?

A

Limited to a defined area or single organ (hand, knee)

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6
Q

What is a systematic infection?

A

Infection that affects the entire body or involve multiple organs.

S&S: Fever, increased RR and PR, malaise, tender and enlarged lymph nodes, anorexia, N/V.

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7
Q

What is an Acute infection?

A

Generally appears SUDDENLY or last short time.

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8
Q

What is a Chronic Infection?

A

May occur slowly, over a very long period, and may last months or years. (6 months or longer)

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9
Q

What are the Stages of the Infectious Process?

A

-Incubation (exposure to infection; incubating bugs)

-Prodromal (being sick with no symptoms present)

-Illness (symptoms are present)

-Convalescence (takes 7-10 days to get better/ back to normal)

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10
Q

What are Health Care Associated Infections (HAIs)?

A

Infections that originate from any health care setting.

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11
Q

What are Nosocomial Infections?

A

Infections that originate in the hospital (UTI, pneumonia)

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12
Q

What are some types of Nosocomial Infections?

A

-Endogenous (from the client)
-Exogenous (from the hospital)
-Iatrogenic (procedures)
-Poor hand hygiene of workers
-Compromised hosts

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13
Q

What are the most common sites of nosocomial infections?

A

-Urinary tract
-Surgical sites (wounds)
-Bloodstream
-Resp. Tract

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14
Q

What are the Elements of Infection Transmission?

A

(Chain of information)

-Infectious agent
-Source
-Portal of exit
-Mode of transmission
-Portal of entry
-Susceptible host

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15
Q

What are some types of source of infection?

A

-Patients
-Personnel
-Visitors
-Inanimate objects; such as supplies and equipment

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16
Q

What is Contact Transmission?

A

The most important and frequent mode of transmission. (Skin to skin)

17
Q

What is Droplet Transmission?

A

Droplets propelled short distance (3ft) by coughing, sneezing, talking.

18
Q

What is Airborne Transmission?

A

Long distance on air currents.

19
Q

What is Vehicle Transmission?

A

When an agent is transferred to a host by contaminated water, food, and blood.

20
Q

What is a Vectorborne Transmission?

A

When an agent is transferred to a host by fleas, mosquitoes, ticks, and other animals.

21
Q

What is Elimination?

A

Bowel sounds that are present in all 4 quadrants.

22
Q

What does inflammation consist of?

A

-Pain
-Swelling
-Redness
-Heat

23
Q

What are the 3 stages of the Inflammation Response?

A

1st- Vascular and cellular response (Normal)
2nd- Exudate (pus) production
3rd- Reparative (new skin formation)

24
Q

What are the Specific Immune Defenses?

A

-Antibody (mediated defenses: B lymphocytes)
-Cell (mediated defenses: T cells)

25
Q

What is an Antibody-Mediated Defense?

A

Production of antibodies -> humoral immunity

26
Q

What is Active Immunity?

A

Comes from infection and/or vaccination.

27
Q

What is Passive Immunity?

A

Comes from a nursing mother and/or artificial antibodies.

(Immunity that is passed down)

28
Q

What is a Cell-Mediated Defense?

A

Exposure to an antigen, the lymphoid tissues release large numbers of T CELLS into the lymph system.

29
Q

What is the physical assessment for wounds?

A

-Inflammation
-Redness
-Swelling
-Heat
-Drainage
-Pain

30
Q

What is Medical Asepsia?

A

-Clean technique

Practices that reduce the number and spread of micro org.

31
Q

What is Surgical Asepsis?

A

-Sterile technique.

Practices that eliminate all micro org. & spores from an area.

32
Q

What are Antiseptics?

A

Agents that inhibit the growth of some micro org.

33
Q

What are Disinfectants?

A

Agents that destroy pathogens other than spores.

34
Q

What is Sterilization?

A

Destroys all micro org. & spores.

35
Q

What is a Pharmacological Intervention for Bacterial infections?

A

Antibiotics

36
Q

What is a pharmacological intervention for a Viral Infection?

A

Antiviral agents

37
Q

What is a pharmacological intervention for Fungal Infections?

A

Anti fungal drugs

38
Q

What is pharmacological intervention to restore normal flora?

A

Probiotics

Nursing Fundamentals (14 decks)

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