Lower Resp. Disorders Flashcards
Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve
Shift to R
Less O2 on Hb so O2 is in tissue
increase release of O2 from Hb to tissue
R = giving
Increase H, temp, altitude, 2-3 BPG
Decrease pH
Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve
Shift L
Decrease release of O2 from Hb to tissue
More O2 in Hb
Tissue is LEFT behind
Pneumonia
acute inflammation of lung parenchyma caused by a microbial agent (increased fluid)
Pneumonia Pathophysiology
Aspiration of Pneumoniae
Release of bacterial endotoxin
Inflammatory response
Red hepatization (consolidation of lung tissue)
Grey Hepatization
(Consolidation on pleural surfaces)
Resolution
Pneumonia Types
Lobar Lobular/bronchopneumonia Community-acquired Hospital-acquired Fungal Aspiration Pneumonia Opportunistic Pneumonia
Lobar Pneumonia
consolidation of one lobe of one lung
Lobular/bronchopneumonia
patchy consolidation throughout lungs
Community-acquired pneumonia
onset in the community or during first 2 days of hospitalization
Hospital-acquired pneumonia
48 hours or longer after hospital admission and not incubating at the time of hospitalization
Pneumonia Manifestations
Fever, chills, cough, sputum, chest pain
hemoptysis, chest pain, head ache
Pneumonia Collaborative Care
Antibiotic therapy Supportive measures and oxygen, analgesics etc. Vaccines Nutritional support Fluid and electrolyte management
Tuberculosis
caused by macrobacterium tuberculosis including the lungs to involving the whole body (bones, kidneys, adrenal glands)
Tuberculosis Pathophysiology
Spread by lymphatic system
Remains airborne for prolonged period
Grows in lungs, kidneys, bone, brain, and adrenal glands
Healing takes place by resolution, fibrosis, calcification
Tuberculosis Manifestations
Early stages: asymptomatic
Fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, low grade fevers, night sweats
Acute: Increased fever, chills, flu-like symptoms, pleuritic pain, productive cough
Tuberculosis collaborative care
Antimicrobial drugs: combination of 4 drugs, aggressive
Follow up bacteriological studies and chest x-ray: sputum specimens weekly
Long-term follow up: direct observed therapy for pts at risk for non-adherence
