F & E

Question 1

Body fluid compartments

Answer 1

Intracellular

Extracellular

Transcellular

Question 2

Intracellular (ICF)

Answer 2

Fluid inside cells (2/3 of fluid)

Low in Na

High in K

Question 3

Extracellular (ECF)

Answer 3

Fluid outside of cells (1/3 of fluid)

2 components:

• plasma (intravascular)
• between cells (interstitial and lymph)

Question 4

Transcellular

Answer 4

CSF, GI tract and pleural, synovial, peritoneal spaces

Can become a “third space”

Question 5

Diffusion

Answer 5

molecules move from high to low concentration through permeable membrane

No energy required

Question 6

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 6

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration without energy

Uses specific protein carrier molecules to accelerate diffusion across the cell membrane

Question 7

Active transport

Answer 7

Process in which molecules move against concentration gradient

External energy needed

Question 8

Osmosis

Answer 8

Movement of water between two compartments by a membrane permeable to water but not to solute

Moves from low to high solute concentration

No energy

Question 9

Osmotic Pressure

Answer 9

Amount of pressure required to stop osmotic flow of water

determined by concentration of solutes in solution

high osmolality = high concentration

Question 10

Hydrostatic pressure

Answer 10

force within a fluid compartment

Major force that pushes water out of vascular system at capillary level

Arterial end is high (fluid out)

Venous end will have lower (fluid in)

Question 11

Oncotic pressure

Answer 11

Osmotic pressure exerted by colloids in solution

Protein is major colloid

Question 12

Third spacing

Answer 12

Phase 1: Fluid moves out of intravascular space, lymphatic system is unable to compensate, fluid gets trapped in body spaces, risk of intravascular FVD with S and S of dehydration

Phase 2: Fluid moves back into intravascular space, risk for intravascular FVE (lead to HF)

Question 13

Edema

Answer 13

Plasma to interstitial fluid results in edema

Elevation of hydrostatic pressure

Decrease in plasma oncotic pressure

Elevation of interstitial oncotic pressure

Cause = Changes in pressures or proteins

Question 14

Compression stockings

Answer 14

decreases peripheral edema by increasing tissue hydrostatic pressure

Question 15

Water deficit

Answer 15

increased ECF osmolality

associated with symptoms that result from cell shrinkage as water is pulled into vascular system

Question 16

Water excess

Answer 16

Decreased ECF osmolality

Develops from gain or retention of excess water

Question 17

Interventions for fluid shifts

Answer 17

1. Assess for signs and symptoms of shock & intravascular FVD (ie tachycardia, hypotension, postural vitals)
2. Monitor urinary output
3. Monitor electrolytes imbalance
4. Monitor fluid balance: daily weights & abdominal girth (if ascites). Discuss daily weights
5. Provide fluids and/or IV albumin as ordered (phase I)
   Assess for intravascular hypervolemia & hypokalemia when third space fluids decrease (phase II)