Lower Leg Pathology

Question 1

What is eversion ankle sprains

Answer 1

"Medial ankle sprain"
lateral ligaments:medial, deltoid
Often with lateral malleolus fracture
Require x-rays
Longer to heal than inversion

Question 2

What is a high ankle/syndesmotic sprain

Answer 2

Any/all syndesmotic ligaments: ATFL, CFL, PTFL, transverse, interosseous, interosseous membrane
Longer to heal than inversion

Question 3

What are Ottawa Rules?

Answer 3

X-Ray requirements

Question 4

What are the Ottawa rules (x-Ray requirements) for ankle

Answer 4

Pain in malleolus zone and:

1) tender posterior tibia/tip medial malleolus
2) tender posterior tibia/tip lateral malleolus
3) inability to bear weight

Question 5

What are Ottawa rules (x-Ray requirements) for foot

Answer 5

Pain in mid foot and:

1) tender base 5th metatarsal
2) tender navicular bone
3) inability to bear weight

Question 6

Degrees of ankle sprain

Answer 6

1) mild: without instability, no ligament laxity, minimal swelling, recover 2-10d
2) partial: mild/moderate instability, more swelling, bruising, limp, recover 10-30d
3) complete: gross instability, significant swelling/bruising, recover 30-90d

Question 7

What is Achilles tendonitits

Answer 7

2 types:

1) non-insertional- mid tendon, younger population
2) insertional- at calcaneous, non-active/older population, associated with bone spurs

Question 8

What is compartment syndrome

Answer 8

• Excessive pressure builds in lower leg impeding blood flow

- Sx- swell, tight shiny skin, persistent deep ache, numb, pain with min ROM

Question 9

What are the two types of compartment syndromes

Answer 9

1) chronic= overuse, steroids

2) acute= trauma

Question 10

What is plantar fasciitis

Answer 10

• Sx: stabbing pain after rest, better with movement, worse with overuse
• risk factors: overuse, obesity, over pronation, limited dorsi flexion, calcaneal Spurs

Question 11

What is Inversion ankle sprain

Answer 11

“Lateral ankle sprain”
Most common
Lateral ligaments: ATFL-anterior talofibular
CFL- calcaneofibular
PTFL- posterior talofibular
Don’t require x-rays

Question 12

Do Inversion ankle sprains require x-rays?

Answer 12

No

Question 13

Do eversion ankle sprains require X-rays?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

Which ligaments are involved in inversion sprains?

Answer 14

ATFL
CFL
PTFL

Question 15

Which ligaments are involved in eversion sprains?

Answer 15

Medial and deltoid