Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Orthopedics > Cervical Pathology > Flashcards

Cervical Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common type of headache

A

Tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two types of tension headaches

A

1) suboccipital/retro-occipital

2) temporal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the cause of a suboccipital tension headache

A

Greater/lesser occipital nerve- C2/3

**must clear vertebral artery if dizziness is concurrent with headache

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the cause of barometric headaches

A

Changes in barometric pressure

Vasoconstriction/dilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Barometric Sx

A

Tight band, pain cantered around forehead/nasal bridge, pounding occipital pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Are barometric headaches usually bilateral or unilateral

A

Bilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is another name for migraines

A

Vascular headaches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sx of migraines

A

Pulsating, nausea, vomit, sensitive to light/smell/sound, worse with activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How long do migraines last

A

72 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Migraines with auras are usually

A

Bilateral

*disturbance of visual/sensory/motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Migraines without auras

A

Unilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Precipitating factors for migraines

A

Hormones, food, alcohol, changes in temp/pressure/sleep/altitude, stress, fatigue, allergies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is another name for cluster headaches

A

Trigeminal autonomic cephalgia (TACs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sx of cluster headaches

A 
Attacks (30-40 min, 3-4x/day)
Recurrent, severe
Unilateral, around eye/temple
Burning, stabbing
Watering eyes/swelling, nasal congestion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which are worse migraines or cluster headaches

A

Cluster headaches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Are cluster headaches usually bilateral or unilateral

A

Unilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a neurometabolic cascade

A

Pathophysiological pathway of concussion

-ionic, metabolic, physiological events accompanying axonal injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How long do concussions usually last

A

7-10 days

Severe could be weeks, months, years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 4 kinds of Sx of concussion

A

1) physical (headache, nausea, vomit, dizziness, fatigue)
2) emotional (irritable, sad, nervousness)
3) cognitive (fog, slowed response, difficult concentration/memory)
4) sleep (difficulty falling asleep, more/less than normal)

20
Q

What is Second impact syndrome

A

Second concussion before fist concussion healed

**vascular dilation= increase intracranial pressure= coma/death

21
Q

What is whiplash

A

Sprain/strain of cervical spine

22
Q

What are all the pathologies

A

1) headaches (tension/barometric/migraines/cluster headaches)
2) concussion/post-concussion
3) Second Impact Syndrome (SIS)
4) whiplash
5) Transverse Ligament Injuries Classification
6) Vertebral Artery Dissection
7) TMJ

23
Q

2 types of transverse ligament injuries classification

A

1) intersubstance tear

2) bony avulsion

24
Q

Cause of transverse ligament injury

A

1) trauma
2) Down’s syndrome
3) rheumatoid arthritis

25
Q

What is a transverse ligament injury

A

Dens travels posteriorly into spinal cord

26
Q

Transverse ligament injury Sx

A

**lump in throat

Bilateral extremity paresthesia, Hoffmann sign, death

27
Q

2 imaging for transverse ligament injury

A

1) lateral radiograph of altantodens interval (ADI)

2) open mouth Odontoid view= atlas fractures

28
Q

Ranges of lateral radiograph of ADI

A

5mm= injured transverse/alar/tectorial ligament

29
Q

Cause of vertebral artery dissection

A

1) trauma (strangulation/MVA)

2) insidious

30
Q

Sx of vertebral artery dissection

A

Head pain- gradual, dull/pressure/throbbing
**Headache + dizziness
Neck pain
Intermittent/permanent stroke Sx (difficulty speaking)
Horner’s sign

31
Q

What is Horner’s sign

A

1) miosis= constricted pupil
2) ptosis= droopy eyelid
3) anhidrosis= decreased sweating
4) exophthalmos= inset eyeball

32
Q

What is Sequelae in vertebral artery dissection

A

Obstruction of blood flow through affected vessel may lead to dys of part of brain supplied by artery

1) temporary
2) permanent

33
Q

Cause of TMJ

A

1) trauma

2) idiopathic

34
Q

Dysarthria

A

Difficulty speaking

35
Q

Dysphasia

A

Trouble swallowing

36
Q

Anosmia

A

Loss of smell

37
Q

Hyposmia

A

Decreased sense of smell

38
Q

Parosmia

A

Perversion of the sense of smell

39
Q

Cacosmia

A

Awareness of an offensive smell which doesn’t exist

40
Q

Hyperacusia

A

Amplified sound

41
Q

Aphonia

A

Hoarse voice

42
Q

Brocas

A

Expressive dysphasia

43
Q

Wernickes

A

Receptive dysphasia

44
Q

Miosis

A

Constricted pupils

45
Q

Apparent anhidrosis

A

Decreased sweating

46
Q

Ptosis

A

A weak droopy eyelid

47
Q

What’s the pathway of the vertebral artery?

A

Travels through the transverse foreman of C6 and up to form the circle of Willis

Orthopedics (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions