Concepts Flashcards
Grading for a Sprain
1 ~ Stable: painful with ligamentous end feel
2 ~ Unstable: painful with late ligamentous end feel
3 ~ Unstable: possibly pain free with no ligamentous end feel
What’s a Capsular Pattern?
Patterns of restriction in ROM in most synovial joints in response to any lesion of the synovium or the capsule of a joint
Indicates that an arthritis is present but doesn’t determine type or stage
Immobilization Traumatic Rheumatoid Osteo Synovitis
Elbow/ Knee Capsular Pattern
Flexion loss greater than extension
Shoulder Capsular Pattern
External rotation
Abduction
Internal Rotation
Wrist Capsular Pattern
Flexion loss equals extension loss
Hip Capsular Pattern
Limitations of Flexion, abduction and medial rotation
Slight limitation of extension, little to no limitation of addiction and lateral rotation
Ankle Capsular Pattern
Planter Flexion loss greater than dorsiflexion loss
What’s a Closed Packed Position of a Joint
Articular surfaces are in maximal congruency
Capsule and most ligaments are taut
Most stable position of the joint
Typically used to test ligament stability
Important for joint lubrication
Not used for mobilizations
What’s a Loose Packed Position of a Joint?
Any position that isn’t closed packed
Articular surfaces aren’t congruent
Ligaments and Capsule are slack
Resting position for the acute joint (Splintin)
Easy to mobilize
What’s a Strain?
Damage to muscle fibres
Strain Grade Meanings
1 ~ Slight pain on contraction, minimal to no weakness
2 ~ Mod to severe pain on contraction, mod to severe weakness
3 ~ No pain on contraction, complete weakness (no movement)
Types of Nerve Injuries
- Traction/Stretch Injuries : Most Common
When traction force exceeds the nerves elastic capacity
Extremity Fractures ~ Radial nerve with humeral head fracture
Isolation ~ Brachial plexus birth injuries - Crush/Compression
Ie: Saturday Night Palsy - Lacerations
Nerve Regeneration
1mm per day (.5-9mm)
Often followed by Tinel Sign
3 Types of Nerve Degree Damage
- Neuropraxia
- Axonotemsis
- Neurotemsis
What is Neuropraxia?
Profound motor loss
Paralysis lasting days to months
Normal to minimal sensory involvement
What is Axonotemesis?
Complete motor loss with sensory involvement
OR
Complete motor loss with normal sensation
What is Neurotemsis?
Complete motor loss
Complete sensory loss
What’s a Greenstick Fracture?
An incomplete fracture in which the bone is bent.
Often occurs in kids
What’s a Comminuted Fracture?
When the bone breaks in several pieces
What’s a Compound Fracture?
When the bone breaks skin
What’s a Buckled/Impacted Fracture?
Ends are driven into each other
Often seen in arm fractures in children
What’s a Pathological Fracture?
Caused by disease that weakens bones
What’s a Stress Fracture?
Hairline Crack
Reports and Referrals
~ Do not be over verbose
~ Include important info
~ Use appropriate terminology
~ Make it clear and point form
~ Always include patients info and your contact info
~ Give a copy to your patient as well as to the health care provider
