Concepts

Question 1

Grading for a Sprain

Answer 1

1 ~ Stable: painful with ligamentous end feel

2 ~ Unstable: painful with late ligamentous end feel

3 ~ Unstable: possibly pain free with no ligamentous end feel

Question 2

What’s a Capsular Pattern?

Answer 2

Patterns of restriction in ROM in most synovial joints in response to any lesion of the synovium or the capsule of a joint

Indicates that an arthritis is present but doesn’t determine type or stage

Immobilization
Traumatic
Rheumatoid
Osteo
Synovitis

Question 3

Elbow/ Knee Capsular Pattern

Answer 3

Flexion loss greater than extension

Question 4

Shoulder Capsular Pattern

Answer 4

External rotation

Abduction

Internal Rotation

Question 5

Wrist Capsular Pattern

Answer 5

Flexion loss equals extension loss

Question 6

Hip Capsular Pattern

Answer 6

Limitations of Flexion, abduction and medial rotation

Slight limitation of extension, little to no limitation of addiction and lateral rotation

Question 7

Ankle Capsular Pattern

Answer 7

Planter Flexion loss greater than dorsiflexion loss

Question 8

What’s a Closed Packed Position of a Joint

Answer 8

Articular surfaces are in maximal congruency

Capsule and most ligaments are taut

Most stable position of the joint

Typically used to test ligament stability

Important for joint lubrication

Not used for mobilizations

Question 9

What’s a Loose Packed Position of a Joint?

Answer 9

Any position that isn’t closed packed

Articular surfaces aren’t congruent

Ligaments and Capsule are slack

Resting position for the acute joint (Splintin)

Easy to mobilize

Question 10

What’s a Strain?

Answer 10

Damage to muscle fibres

Question 11

Strain Grade Meanings

Answer 11

1 ~ Slight pain on contraction, minimal to no weakness

2 ~ Mod to severe pain on contraction, mod to severe weakness

3 ~ No pain on contraction, complete weakness (no movement)

Question 12

Types of Nerve Injuries

Answer 12

1. Traction/Stretch Injuries : Most Common
   When traction force exceeds the nerves elastic capacity
   Extremity Fractures ~ Radial nerve with humeral head fracture
   Isolation ~ Brachial plexus birth injuries
2. Crush/Compression
   Ie: Saturday Night Palsy
3. Lacerations

Question 13

Nerve Regeneration

Answer 13

1mm per day (.5-9mm)

Often followed by Tinel Sign

Question 14

3 Types of Nerve Degree Damage

Answer 14

1. Neuropraxia
2. Axonotemsis
3. Neurotemsis

Question 15

What is Neuropraxia?

Answer 15

Profound motor loss

Paralysis lasting days to months

Normal to minimal sensory involvement

Question 16

What is Axonotemesis?

Answer 16

Complete motor loss with sensory involvement

OR

Complete motor loss with normal sensation

Question 17

What is Neurotemsis?

Answer 17

Complete motor loss

Complete sensory loss

Question 18

What’s a Greenstick Fracture?

Answer 18

An incomplete fracture in which the bone is bent.

Often occurs in kids

Question 19

What’s a Comminuted Fracture?

Answer 19

When the bone breaks in several pieces

Question 20

What’s a Compound Fracture?

Answer 20

When the bone breaks skin

Question 21

What’s a Buckled/Impacted Fracture?

Answer 21

Ends are driven into each other

Often seen in arm fractures in children

Question 22

What’s a Pathological Fracture?

Answer 22

Caused by disease that weakens bones

Question 23

What’s a Stress Fracture?

Answer 23

Hairline Crack

Question 24

Reports and Referrals

Answer 24

~ Do not be over verbose

~ Include important info

~ Use appropriate terminology

~ Make it clear and point form

~ Always include patients info and your contact info

~ Give a copy to your patient as well as to the health care provider

Question 25

What’s a Sprain?

Answer 25

Damage to a ligament(s) of a joint