lower GU and Male genital system- chapter 21 Flashcards
what is epispadias due to
abnormal positioning of genital tubercle
what is the major characteristic with condyloma acuminatum
koilocytic change
what is the term for necrotizing granulomatous inflammation of inguinal lymphatics and lymph nodes
lymphogranuloma venereum
what STD is associated with lymphogranuloma venereum
chlamydia trachoma’s
what is the term for failure of the testicle to descend into scrotal sac
cryptoorchism
what side is most common for varicocele
Left
what type of cancer is associated with varicocele
renal cell carcinoma
where does the fluid accumulation with hydrocele
tunica vaginalis
how does hydrocele present
scrotal swelling that can be transluminated
what age group do germ cell testicular cancers typically occur
15-40
what are the major risk factors for developing testicular germ cell tumors
crytoorchidism and klinefelter syndrome
describe seminoma of testicles
malignant with large cells with clear cytoplasm and central nuclei
what is seminoma of the testicles similar to in females
dysgerminoma in ovary
what can be elevated with embryonal carcinoma of testicles
AFP and/or beta-hCG
what is the most common testicular tumor in kids
yolk sac tumor
what is characteristically elevated with yolk sac tumor
AFP
what testicular cancer is associated with schiller douval bodies
yolk sac tumor
how do choriocarcinomas of the testicles spread to early
via blood
what causes the characteristic beta-hCG increase with choriocarcinoma
syncytiotrophoblasts
what do leydig cell tumors typically produce
androgen
what occurs with leydig cell tumors in kids and adults
in kids causes precocious puberty; in adults causes gynecomastia
what is characteristically seen on histo of leydig cell tumor
reinke crystals
what are sertoli cell tumors composed of
tubules
what is the most common cause of testicular mass in men over 60
lymphoma
where does BPH typically occur
periurethral zone
where does prostate adenocarcinoma typically occur
posterior periphery
What is the most common cause of hydropnephrosis in infants and children
Ureteropelvic junction obstruction
What is the origin of most small benign tumors or ureters
Mesenchymal origin
What type of malignant tumor are most tumors of the ureter
Ureothelial carcinomas
What is the term for when fistulous urinary tract connects the bladder with the umbilicus
Patent urachus
What is the term for irritation to the bladder mucosa
Polyploid
Who are papilloma of the bladder most commonly seen in
Younger patients
How does embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder present
Polypoid grape-like mass (sarcoma botryoides)
What is the clinical triad associated with reactive arthritis
Arthritis, conjunctivitis, urethritis
What is the most common cause of CIS in individuals 35+
Bowen disease
What is the most common cause of CIS in sexually active adults
Bowenoid papulosis-multiple warty lesions due to HPV 16
What is the usual course of GC infection in males
Posterior urethra to prostate, seminal vesicles and then to epididymis
Where does TB in male genital tract typically begin
Epididymis
What is associated with the bell clapper deformity
Testicular torsion
What is the most common malignant paratesticular tumor in adults
Liposarcomas
What are the 2 cells involved in choriocarcinoma
Syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts
Describe the cells in teratoma
Heterogenous, helter-skelter collection of cells
What is the most common benign prostatic disease in men 50+
BPH
Describe the nodules that contain mostly glands involved in BPH
Yellow-pink and exude milky-white prostatic fluid
Describe the nodules of fibromuscular stroma involved in BPH
Pale gray and tough (usually do not exude any fluid)
What is the major clinical presentation with BPH
Urinary obstruction
