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Lecom pathology year 2 > female genital system and gestation- chapter 22 > Flashcards

female genital system and gestation- chapter 22 Flashcards

1
Q

what age group do bartholin cysts typically occur

A

reproductive age

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2
Q

describe the lesion with bartholin cysts

A

unilateral, painful cystic lesion

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3
Q

where do bartholin cysts typically occur

A

lower vestibule adjacent to vaginal canal

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4
Q

what is the term for thinning of the epidermis and fibrosis of dermis of vulva

A

lichen sclerosis

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5
Q

describe the skin of the vulva with lichen sclerosis

A

leukoplakia with parchment-like vulvar skin

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6
Q

who is lichen sclerosis most common in

A

post-menopausal women

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7
Q

what cancer is lichen sclerosis have a slightly increased risk of

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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8
Q

describe the vulva with lichen simplex chronicus

A

leukoplakia with thick leathery vulvar skin

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9
Q

what clinical presentations are associated with lichen simplex chronicus

A

associated with chronic irritation and scratching

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10
Q

describe the lab findings with paget cells in extramammary disease

A

PAS+, Keratin + and S100-

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11
Q

what is the term for focal persistence of columnar epithelium in the upper 1/3 of the vagina

A

adenosis

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12
Q

what exposure to many women who have adenosis previously have

A

DES in utero

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13
Q

what cancer are people with adenosis more at risk for

A

clear cell adenocarcinoma

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14
Q

what does the IHC staining stain positive for with embryonic rhabdomyosarcoma

A

desmin and myoglobin

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15
Q

what is the precursor lesion for vaginal carcinoma

A

VIN (vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia)

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16
Q

what does the E6 of HPV destroy

A

p53

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17
Q

what does the E7 of HPV destroy

A

Rb

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18
Q

how does cervical carcinoma present

A

vaginal bleeding

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19
Q

what hormone drives endometrial growth

A

estrogen

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20
Q

what hormone preps the endometrium for implantation

A

progesterone

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21
Q

what is the term for secondary amenorrhea due to loss of basalis and scarring

A

asherman syndrome

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22
Q

what is Asherman syndrome the result of

A

overaggressive dilation and curettage (D and C)

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23
Q

what cells is chronic endometritis characterized by

A

plasma cells

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24
Q

how does chronic endometritis present

A

abnormal uterine bleeding, pelvic pain and infertility

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25
Q

what drug can cause endometrial polyps as side effect

A

tamoxifen

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26
Q

what disorder should be considered when you see gun powder lesions

A

endometriosis

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27
Q

what disorder should be considered when you see ovary- chocolate cyst

A

endometriosis

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28
Q

what is endometrial hyperplasia the consequence of

A

unopposed estrogen

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29
Q

how does endometrial hyperplasia present

A

post-menopausal uterine bleeding

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30
Q

how does endometrial carcinoma present

A

post menopausal bleeding

31
Q

what should you think of when you see white worled masses

A

leiomyoma

32
Q

what type of tumors are most common in the ovary

A

surface epithelium tumors

33
Q

who are cyst adenomas most common in

A

pre-menopausal women (30-40)

34
Q

describe the liming with cystadenocarcinoma

A

complex cysts with thick, shaggy lining

35
Q

who is cystadenocarcinoma most common in

A

post menopausal women (60-70)

36
Q

what is a useful surface marker for surface tumors of ovary

A

CA-125

37
Q

what age do women typically get germ cell tumors

A

reproductive age

38
Q

what is cystic teratoma of ovary composed of

A

fetal tissue derived from 2-3 embryologic layers

39
Q

what is the term for a cystic teratoma composed primarily of thyroid tissue

A

struma ovarii

40
Q

what may be elevated with dysgerminoma of ovary

A

LDH

41
Q

what will youu see on histo of yolk sac tumor

A

increased serum AFP

42
Q

what is the clinical presentation with ectopic pregnancy

A

lower quadrant abdominal pain weeks after missed period

43
Q

what is the term for implantation of placenta in lower uterine segment

A

placenta previa

44
Q

what are the common signs of preeclampsia

A

HTN, proteinuria and edema; arises in 3rd trimester

45
Q

what does HELLP stand for with regards to eclampsia

A

hemolysis, increased liver enzymes, low platelets

46
Q

what is the appearance of a hydatiform mole on ultrasound

A

snow storm

47
Q

What infection of the lower genital tract should you consider when there is ground glass apperance

A

HSV

48
Q

What causes molluscum contagiosum

A

Pix virus

49
Q

What areas of the body does molluscum contagiosum most commonly affect

A

Trunk, arms and legs

50
Q

What is the diagnostic characteristic with molluscum contagiosum

A

Pearly, dome-shaped papules

51
Q

Describe the cervix with trichomonas vaginalis

A

Frothy, strawberry cervix

52
Q

Describe the findings with Gardnerella vaginalis

A

Gram negative bacillus, fishy odor, clue cells

53
Q

What is gardnerella vaginalis implicated in

A

Premature labor

54
Q

What does bartholin cyst result from

A

Obstruction of the duct by inflammatory process

55
Q

Describe the surface of the vulva with lichen sclerosis

A

Porcelain or parchment

56
Q

Who is lichen sclerosis most common in

A

Postmenopausal women

57
Q

What mutation is common in keratinizing squamous cell in vulva

A

TP53 mutations (not HPV)

58
Q

What does septate/double vagina arise from

A

Failure of Müllerian duct fusion

59
Q

Describe the appearance in the secretory phase in the endometrium

A

Saw tooth appearance

60
Q

What does the corpus luteum make

A

Progesterone

61
Q

What is the cardinal feature found in non-atypical hyperplasia

A

Increase in gland to stroma ratio

62
Q

What is the most common invasive tumor of the female genital tract

A

Endometrial carcinoma

63
Q

What is the most common mutation in type 1 endometrial carcinoma

A

PI3K/AKT pathway increased signaling

64
Q

What is the most common mutation in type 2 endometrial carcinoma

A

TP53

65
Q

What tumors of the endometrium are estrogen sensitive and respond to oophorectomy

A

Adenoma Roma

66
Q

What mutation is common in leiomyosarcomas

A

MED12 mutations

67
Q

Who do benign and borderline stromal ovarian tumors most commonly occur in

A

Age 20-24

68
Q

What are the cysts of the serous type epithelial stroma tumors of ovarian lined with

A

Columnar epithelium

69
Q

What type of surface epithelial stromal ovarian tumors has psammoma bodies (concentric calcifications0

A

Serious type

70
Q

What do yolk sac tumors respond well to

A

Combination chemotherapy

71
Q

What is included in meigs syndrome

A

Ovarian tumor, hydrothorax and ascites

72
Q

How does fibroma present

A

Pelvic mass

73
Q

What tumor should you think of when you see call-Exner bodies

A

Granulosa-theca cell sex cord tumor

74
Q

What mutation is common in sertoli-keydic cell tumors

A

DICER1 mutation

Lecom pathology year 2 (18 decks)

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