Chapter 17- GI Flashcards
1
Q
Where are MALTomas most common
A
Stomach
2
Q
What infection is associated with rose spots
A
Typhoid fever
3
Q
What mutation is associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
A
STK11; AMP kinase related pathways
4
Q
What are buzz words for norovirus
A
Cruise ships, schools, hospitals, nursing homes
5
Q
What are some complications of yersinia infection
A
Reactive arthritis, erythema nodosum
6
Q
Where does Zollinger-Ellison syndrome usually occur
A
Fundus
7
Q
What is the predominant infiltrate in zollinger elision syndrome
A
Neutrophils
8
Q
What IBD has lead pipe sign
A
Ulcerative colitis
9
Q
What cancer are people with esophageal webs more prone to
A
Squamous cell carcinoma
10
Q
What is the term for longitudinal stripes of edematous erythematous mucosa that alternate with less severely injured, paler mucosa (Watermelon stomach)
A
GAVE
11
Q
What should you think of with foamy macrophages in small intestine/colon
A
Whipple disease
12
Q
What is mutated with abetalipoproteinemia
A
MTP
13
Q
What should you think of with cobblestone apperance
A
Crohns
14
Q
Wheat are the symptoms of menetrier disease
A
Hypoproteinemia, weight loss, diarrhea
15
Q
What takes of shigella
A
M cells in intestine
16
Q
What does EPEC primarily cause
A
Endemic diarrhea in kids less than 2 yo
17
Q
What is mutated in adenocarcinoma of esophagus
A
TP53 and downregulation of CDKN2A in early stages
18
Q
What chromosome is APC on
A
5
19
Q
What type of transport is defective in whipple disease
A
Lymphatic transport
20
Q
What infection can mimic appendicitis
A
Yersinia
21
Q
What is the clinical presentation of small bowel infarction
A
Abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, decreased bowel sounds
22
Q
What are the symptoms of gastric adenocarcinoma
A
Dyspepsia, dysphagia, nausea
23
Q
What are the risk factors for gastritis cystica
A
Trauma, prior surgery
24
Q
What do you see in peripheral blood smear of abetalipoproteinemia
A
Acathnocytic red cells (burr cells)
25
What apoproteins are deficiency with abetalipoproteinemia
B-48 and B-100
26
What is the most freq cause of GI diagnosis in USA
GERD
27
What should you think of with whipworms and rectal prolapse
Trichuris trichura
28
What type of transport is an issue with carcinoid syndrome
Transepithelial transport
29
What is the most common site of metastasis of adenocarcinomas small intestine/colon
Liver
30
Describe the shape and gram of campylobacter
Comma shaped, flagellated, gram negative
31
Is there fat/vitamin malabsorption in crohns or UC
Crohn s
32
What are the diagnostic tests for H. Pylori infection
Serologic test for antibodies, fecal bacterial detection, urea breath test
33
What HLAs are associated with celiac disease
HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8
34
What is the term for FAP with fibromatosis and osteomas
Gardner syndrome
35
What is the term for a painful, superficial ulceration of oral mucosa
Aphthous ulcer
36
What disorder is associated with the rule of 2s
Meckel diverticulum
37
What are the clinical manifestations of carcinoid tumor
Cuntaneous flushing, sweating, bronchospasm, colicky abdominal pain, diarrhea, right-sided cardiac valvular fibrosis
38
What is te wall apperance of ulcerative colitis
Thin
39
What is the cause of diaphragmatic hernia
Incomplete formation of diaphragm allowing abdominal viscera to herinate into chest
40
What digestion is defective in disaccharidase deficiency
Terminal digestion
41
What are some signs of pyloric stenosis
New onset regurgitation, male, persistent projectile vomiting
42
What is the most common cause of childhood diarrhea
Rotavirus
43
What is caused by submucosal artery that does not branch properly within the wall of the stomach
Dieulafoy lesion
44
Describe malabsorptive diarrhea
Follows generalized failure of nutrient absorption, associated with steatorrhea, and relieved by fasting
45
What is the most common form of congenital intestinal atresia
Imperforate anus
46
Where is autoimmune gastritis usually located
Body
47
What are the clinical presentations of right sided adenocarcinoma
Fatigue and weakness due to iron deficiency anemia, left-sided occult bleeding, changes in bowel habits and cramping
48
What E. coli infection is antibiotics not recommended for
EHEC
49
What is the clinical triad seen with inflammatory polyps
Rectal bleeding, mucus discharge, inflammatory lesion of anterior rectal wall
50
What is the distribution of UC
Diffuse
51
Describe the inflammation of crohn disease
Transmural
52
Describe osmotic diarrhea
Due to excessive osmotic forces exerted by unabsorbed luminal solutes' abates during fasting
53
What are some extra-GI manifestations of tuberous sclerosis
Mental retardation, epilepsy, facial angiofibroma
54
What gene function is lost with peutz-Jeghers syndrome
STK11
55
What are some post infection complications with yersinia
Reactive arthritis, Reiter syndrome, myocarditis, GN and thyroiditis
56
What is the most common pathogenic parasitic infection in humans
Guardians lambkins
57
What does the intestinal type of gastric carcinoma typically involve
Lesser curvature of stomach
58
What are rose spots
Small, erythematous maculopapular lesions, seen on chest and abdomen
59
What is cleft palate and lip due to
Failure of facial prominences to fuse
60
What is behcet syndrome due to
Immune complex vasculitis involving small vessels
61
What is the bowel region associated with ulcerative colitis
Colon only
62
What is excessively produced (cytokine) in menetrier disease
TGF-alpha
63
What type of anemia can occur with intestinal cystodes
Megalobastic
64
What is the cause of imperforate anus
Failure of cloacal diaphragm to involuted
65
What type of gastric adenocarcinoma has signetrings
Diffuse type
66
What type of diarrhea occurs with shigellosis
Bloody diarrhea
67
Describe secretory diarrhea
Isotonic stool and persists during fasting
68
What polyp syndrome is associated with congenital malformations, digital clubbing
Juvenile polyposis
69
What TLR do flagellin activate
TLR5
70
What should you thnk of with dark blue to brown macular on lips, nostrils, buccal mucosa, palmar surface of hands, genitalia and perianal region
Peutz Jeghers syndrome
71
What is achalasia due to
Damaged ganglion cells in myenteric plexus
72
What is teh most commmon cause of intussusception in adults
Tumor
73
What are some complications of shigellosis
Reactive arthritis, urethritis, conjunctivitis, hemolytic-uremic syndrome
74
What is a unique lesion in H. Pylori gastritis
Hyperplastic/inflammatory polyps
75
What type of vaccine is used for rotavirus
Live attenuated vaccine
76
Describe the gram of tropheryma whippelii
Gram positive actinomycetes
77
What is a unique lesion in autoimmune gastritis
Neuroendocrine hyperplasia
78
What are the clinical symptoms of norovirus
Nausea, vomiting, watery diarrhea, abdominal pain
79
Describe exudative diarrhea
Due to inflammatory disease characterized by purulent, bloody stools that continue during fasting
80
What is the predominant cell type in menetrier disease
Mucous
81
What are some extraintestinal symptoms of yersinia infection of small intestine
Pharyngitis, arthralgia, erythema nodosum
82
What deficiency that can lead to anemia is H. Pylori associated with
Iron deficiency
83
What is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in kids under 2yo
Intussusception
84
What are the immuno markers for carcinoid tumors
Synaptophysin and chromogranin A
85
Describe the shape and gram of shigella
Gram negative, unencapsulated, non-motile facultative anaerobes
86
What does yersinia preferentially involve
Ileum, appendix, right colon
87
Describe the glands in menetrier disease
Corkscrew-like appearance
88
Where is H. Pylori gastritis usually located
Antrum
89
What are complications of cholera infection
Dehydration, electrolyte imbalances
90
What is the clinical presentation of MALToma
Dyspepsia and epigastric pain (hematemesis, Melena)
91
What is mutated in autoimmune enteropathy
IPEX; due to germline mutation in FOXP3
92
What autoantibodies are founded in IPEX (autoimmune enteropathy)
To enterocytes and goblet cells
93
What part of the stomach do most gastric adenocarcinomas involve
Antrum
94
What vitamin deficiency is associated with autoimmune gastritis
Vitamin B12
95
What cells are dysfunctional in IPEX
T cells
96
What mutation is sporadic intestinal type of gastric adenocarcinoma associated with
Mutations of Wnt
97
Does smoking increase the risk of Crohns or UC
Crohns
98
What is the most common malignancy of the GI tract
Adenocarcinoma
99
What is the clinical presentation of duodenal atresia
Polyhydramnios, distinction of stomach and blind loop of duodenum, bilious vomiting
100
What is the molecular defect in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
DNA mismatch repair
101
What is the bowel region associated with crohn disease
Ileum and or colon
102
What viral factor induces epithelial apoptosis of rotavirus
NSP4
103
What GI stomach ulcers occur in persons with intracranial disease
Cushing ulcer
104
What is the most common site for squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth
Floor of the mouth
105
What is the molecular defect in MYH-associated polyposis
DNA mismatch repair
106
Describe the presentation (physical) of pleomorphic adenoma
Mobile, painless, circumscribed mass at the angle of the jaw
107
Describe the lesions caused by CMV
Shallower ulcerations with characteristic nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion within capillary endothelium and stromal cells
108
Describe the toxins of ETEC
LT is similar to cholera; ST binds to guanylate cyclase and increases intracellular cGMP
109
What is another name for hemagglutinin of cholera
Metalloproteinase
110
What is the term for recurrent aphthous ulcers, genital ulcers and uveitis
Behcet syndrome
111
What mutation is associated with hirschsprung disease
RET mutation
112
What infectious enterocolitis activated Rho GTPases
Salmonella
113
Where do the adult worms of schistomiasis reside
Within mesenteric veins
114
What is the most common cause of intusseseption in kids
Lymphoid hyperplasia
115
Exposure to what medications in 1st 2 weeks of life can increase risk of pyloric stenosis
Exposure to erythromycin or azithromycin
116
What is the clinical manifestation of Plummer-Vinson syndrome
Beeefy red tongue due to atrophic glossitis
117
What is an extraintestinal manifestations of FAP
Congenital hypertrophy of retinal pigment epithelium
118
What should you think of with bird beak sign on barium swallow
Achalasia
119
Where is Peutz-Jeghers most common
Small intestine
120
Wha are precursors for squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth
Leukoplakia and erythroplakia
121
What is the risk factor for zollinger Ellison syndrome
Multiple endocrine neoplasia
122
What type of virus is rotavirus
Encapsulated segmented DS RNA
123
What is the uncommon complication triad associated with shigellosis
Sterile reactive arthritis, urethritis, conjunctivitis
124
What are the clinical presentations seen with left sided adenocarcinoma
Occult bleeding, changes in bowel habits or cramping and LLQ discomfort
125
What does ETEC principally cause
Travelers diarrhea, secretory diarrhea
126
What is the term for congenital failure of small bowel to canalize
Duodenal atresia
127
What does the enterotoxin of cholera increase
CAMP
128
What are some complications of salmonellosis
Sepsis, abscess
129
What is thought to be the issue with traction diverticulum
Cricopharyngeal motor function
130
What is the most common site of intestinal ischemia
Colon
131
Describe the inflammation of ulcerative colitis
Limited to mucosa
132
Where do pleomorphic adenomas most commonly occur
Parotid gland
133
Where are hyperplastic polyps most commonly found
Left common
134
Where do curling ulcers typically occur
Proximal duodenum
135
What is the wall apperance of crohn disease
Thick
136
What are complicated of campylobacter infection
Arthritis, Guillain-Barré syndrome
137
What is the distribution of crohn disease
Skin lesions
138
What should you think of with Necator duodenale and ancylostoma duodenale
Hook worms, iron deficiency anemia
139
What malignancies are individuals with celiac disease more prone to
Enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma, small intestinal adenocarcinoma
140
What are some complications of pseudomembranous colitis (C. Difficile_
Relapse, megacolon
141
What is the most common site of acquired diverticula
Sigmoid colon
142
Where is dieulafoy lesion most commonly found
Along lesser curvature of stomach, near gastroesophageal junction
143
What is the term for when a segment of intestine, constricted by wave of peristalsis, telescopes into the immediately distal segment
Intussusception
144
Is there toxic megacolon in crohns or UC
UC
145
Where does menetrier disease usually occur
Body and fundus of stomach
146
What are some risk factors associated with squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus
Alcohol, smoking, prior radiation therapy, HPV
147
Describe the lesions caused by HSV
Punched out lesions
148
What is the main symptom associated with esophageal mucosal webs
Non-progressive dysphagia associated with incompletely chewed food
149
What should you think of with flask-like outpouchings
Sigmoid diverticulitis
150
What is the histology seen with FAP
Tubular, villous typical adenocarcinoma
151
What is the term for twisting of a loop of bowel about its mesenteric point of attachment
Volvulus
152
What is the most common cause of ischemic colitis
Atherosclerosis of SMA
153
What type of virus is norovirus
As RNA icosahydral virus
154
What are the clinical symptoms of malabsorption
Diarrhea, flatus, abdominal pain, weight loss
155
Describe the ulcers of crohn disease
Deep, knife-like
156
Describe the ulcers of ulcerative colitis
Superficial, broad-based
157
What should you think of with double bubble sign
Duodenal atresia
158
What is the presentation in infancy of abetalipoproteinemia
Failure to thrive, diarrhea, steatorrhea
159
What is the term for linear/longitudinal lacerations associated with prolonged vomiting in alcoholics or bulimics
Mallory-Weiss syndrome
160
What disorder is described as incomplete LES relaxation, increased LES tone, and aperistalsis of esophagus
Achalasia
