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Lecom pathology year 2 > Chapter 9- Environmental And Nutritional Diseases > Flashcards

Chapter 9- Environmental And Nutritional Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is the single leading global cause of health loss

A

Under-nutrition

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2
Q

What is the major culprit in global warming

A

CO2

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3
Q

What is an exogenous agent in environment that may be inhaled, ingested or directly absorbed

A

Xenobiotics

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4
Q

What are the steps in phase 1 of drug metabolism

A

Hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction

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5
Q

What is the most important phase 1 drug metabolism catalyst

A

Cytochrome P 450

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6
Q

What are the stages of phase 2 drug metabolism

A

Glucuronidation, sulfaiton, methylation, conjugation

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7
Q

What are the major sources of lead

A

Gasoline and house paints

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8
Q

What is the effect of lead poisoning on the adult brain

A

Headache, memory loss

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9
Q

What is the effect of lead poisoning on the child brain

A

Encephalopathy, mental deterioration

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10
Q

What appears in the bones of a child who has lead poisoning

A

Radiodense deposits in epiphyses

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11
Q

What does arsenic poisoning interfere with

A

Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation

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12
Q

What is vinyl chloride exposure associated with

A

Angiosarcoma of liver

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13
Q

What toxicant is known to cause leukemia

A

Benzene

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14
Q

What is the most common exogenous cause of human cancers

A

Tobacco

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15
Q

Which substances in tobacco smoke constituents are carcinogenesis inducing

A

Tar, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzopyrene, nitrosamines

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16
Q

What substances in tobacco smoke are associated with toxicity to cilia and mucosal irritation

A

Formaldehyde and nitrogen oxides

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17
Q

What are some adverse effects of anticoagulants

A

Thrombosis and bleeding

18
Q

What is the major drug that has adverse effect of causing glomerulonephritis

A

Penicillamine

19
Q

What is the molecular target of opioid narcotics

A

Mu

20
Q

What is the molecular target of sedative hypnotics

A

GABAa receptor (agonist)

21
Q

What is the molecular target of phencyclidine-like drugs

A

NMDA glutamate receptor channel (antagonist)

22
Q

What cells are effected with 1-2SV of ionizing radiation and what are the clinical consequences

A

Lymphocytes; moderate granulocytopenia, lymphopenia

23
Q

What is primarily effected with 2-10SV of ionizing radiation and what is the clinical consequence

A

Bone marrow; leukopenia, hemorrhage, hair loss, vomiting

24
Q

What is primarily effected with 11-20SV of ionizing radiation and what is the clinical consequence

A

Small bowel; diarrhea, fever, electrolyte imbalance, vomiting

25
Q

What is the embryonic effect of intense ionizing radiation

A

Destruction of neurons and glial cells

26
Q

What is decreased in marasmus

A

Somatic compartment of proteins

27
Q

What is decreased in kwashiorkor

A

Visceral compartment of protein

28
Q

What disorder occurs in chronically ill patients with clinical presentation of extreme weight loss, fatigue, muscle atrophy, anemia, edema and anorexia

A

Cachexia

29
Q

What has the highest death rate of any psychiatric disorder

A

Anorexia

30
Q

What vitamin deficiency is associated with increased risk of measles

A

Vitamin A

31
Q

What vitamin deficiency has increased risk of spinocerebellar degeneration

A

Vitamin E

32
Q

What vitamin deficiency is associated with Korsakoff syndrome

A

Vitamin B1 (thiamine)

33
Q

What vitamin deficiency is associated with pellagra

A

Niacin

34
Q

What are the 3 Ds that go with pellagra

A

Dementia, dermatitis, diarrhea

35
Q

What vitamin deficiency is associated with cardiomyopathy, specifically Keshan syndrome

A

Selenium

36
Q

What can vitamin D toxicity cause

A

Hypercalcemia

37
Q

What do the leptin in fat cells stimulate

A

POMC/CART neurons

38
Q

What does leptin in fat cells inhibit

A

NPY/AgPR

39
Q

What do NPY/AgRP neurons promote

A

Foot intake and weight gain

40
Q

What is ingestion of aflatoxin associated with development of

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Lecom pathology year 2 (18 decks)

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