Chapter 9- Environmental And Nutritional Diseases

Question 1

What is the single leading global cause of health loss

Answer 1

Under-nutrition

Question 2

What is the major culprit in global warming

Answer 2

CO2

Question 3

What is an exogenous agent in environment that may be inhaled, ingested or directly absorbed

Answer 3

Xenobiotics

Question 4

What are the steps in phase 1 of drug metabolism

Answer 4

Hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction

Question 5

What is the most important phase 1 drug metabolism catalyst

Answer 5

Cytochrome P 450

Question 6

What are the stages of phase 2 drug metabolism

Answer 6

Glucuronidation, sulfaiton, methylation, conjugation

Question 7

What are the major sources of lead

Answer 7

Gasoline and house paints

Question 8

What is the effect of lead poisoning on the adult brain

Answer 8

Headache, memory loss

Question 9

What is the effect of lead poisoning on the child brain

Answer 9

Encephalopathy, mental deterioration

Question 10

What appears in the bones of a child who has lead poisoning

Answer 10

Radiodense deposits in epiphyses

Question 11

What does arsenic poisoning interfere with

Answer 11

Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation

Question 12

What is vinyl chloride exposure associated with

Answer 12

Angiosarcoma of liver

Question 13

What toxicant is known to cause leukemia

Answer 13

Benzene

Question 14

What is the most common exogenous cause of human cancers

Answer 14

Tobacco

Question 15

Which substances in tobacco smoke constituents are carcinogenesis inducing

Answer 15

Tar, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzopyrene, nitrosamines

Question 16

What substances in tobacco smoke are associated with toxicity to cilia and mucosal irritation

Answer 16

Formaldehyde and nitrogen oxides

Question 17

What are some adverse effects of anticoagulants

Answer 17

Thrombosis and bleeding

Question 18

What is the major drug that has adverse effect of causing glomerulonephritis

Answer 18

Penicillamine

Question 19

What is the molecular target of opioid narcotics

Answer 19

Mu

Question 20

What is the molecular target of sedative hypnotics

Answer 20

GABAa receptor (agonist)

Question 21

What is the molecular target of phencyclidine-like drugs

Answer 21

NMDA glutamate receptor channel (antagonist)

Question 22

What cells are effected with 1-2SV of ionizing radiation and what are the clinical consequences

Answer 22

Lymphocytes; moderate granulocytopenia, lymphopenia

Question 23

What is primarily effected with 2-10SV of ionizing radiation and what is the clinical consequence

Answer 23

Bone marrow; leukopenia, hemorrhage, hair loss, vomiting

Question 24

What is primarily effected with 11-20SV of ionizing radiation and what is the clinical consequence

Answer 24

Small bowel; diarrhea, fever, electrolyte imbalance, vomiting

Question 25

What is the embryonic effect of intense ionizing radiation

Answer 25

Destruction of neurons and glial cells

Question 26

What is decreased in marasmus

Answer 26

Somatic compartment of proteins

Question 27

What is decreased in kwashiorkor

Answer 27

Visceral compartment of protein

Question 28

What disorder occurs in chronically ill patients with clinical presentation of extreme weight loss, fatigue, muscle atrophy, anemia, edema and anorexia

Answer 28

Cachexia

Question 29

What has the highest death rate of any psychiatric disorder

Answer 29

Anorexia

Question 30

What vitamin deficiency is associated with increased risk of measles

Answer 30

Vitamin A

Question 31

What vitamin deficiency has increased risk of spinocerebellar degeneration

Answer 31

Vitamin E

Question 32

What vitamin deficiency is associated with Korsakoff syndrome

Answer 32

Vitamin B1 (thiamine)

Question 33

What vitamin deficiency is associated with pellagra

Answer 33

Niacin

Question 34

What are the 3 Ds that go with pellagra

Answer 34

Dementia, dermatitis, diarrhea

Question 35

What vitamin deficiency is associated with cardiomyopathy, specifically Keshan syndrome

Answer 35

Selenium

Question 36

What can vitamin D toxicity cause

Answer 36

Hypercalcemia

Question 37

What do the leptin in fat cells stimulate

Answer 37

POMC/CART neurons

Question 38

What does leptin in fat cells inhibit

Answer 38

NPY/AgPR

Question 39

What do NPY/AgRP neurons promote

Answer 39

Foot intake and weight gain

Question 40

What is ingestion of aflatoxin associated with development of

Answer 40

Hepatocellular carcinoma