histology 20-kidney Flashcards
how much of the cardiac output do kidneys receive
roughly 25%
what is used for the treatment of anemia in patients with end stage renal disease
RhEPO
describe the composition of the outer layer of the capsule of the kidney
fibroblasts and collagen fibers
describe the composition of the inner layer of the capsule of the kidney
cellular components of myofibroblasts
what is the cortex characterized by
renal corpuscles and their associated tubules
define medullar ray
aggregation of straight tubules and collecting ducts
what is the medulla characterized by
straight tubules, collecting ducts, and special capillary network (vasa recta)
what does the nephron consist of
renal corpuscle and tubule system
what represents the beginning of the nephron
renal corpuscle
what does the proximal convoluted tubule originate from
urinary pole of bowman’s capsule
where are the renal corpuscles of subcapsular/cortical nephrons located
in the outer part of the cortex
describe the loops of henle in subcapsular/cortical nephrons
short and extend only into outer medulla
describe the loops of henle of juxtamedullary nephrons
have long loops of hence and extend well into inner region of pyramid
what do mutations in the gene encoding for the alpha5 chain of type 4 collagen give rise to
aport’s syndrome (hereditary glomerulonephritis)
how is alports syndrome manifested
hematuria, proteinuria, progressive renal failure
what is nephrin
important structural protein of the filtration slit diaphragm
what are mutations in NPHS1 associated with
congenital nephrotic syndrome
define glycocalyx
plasma membrane-bound negatively charged proteoglycans associated with glycosaminoglycan side chains and peripheral proteins
what is the lamina rara external particularly rich in
polyanions
what type of epithelium constitutes the parietal layer of bowman’s capsule
simple squamous
what does the juxtaglomerular apparatus include
macula dense, juxtaglomerular cells and extraglomerular mesangial cells
describe the shape of the cells in the proximal convoluted tubule
cuboidal
what are the 2 major proteins responsible for fluid reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubules
Na+/K ATPase pumps and AQP-1
where is type 1 epithelium found
thin descending and ascending limbs of the loop of Henle of short-looped nephrons
what does type 1 epithelium consist of
thin, simple epithelium
where is type 2 epithelium found
thin descending limb of long-looped nephrons in the cortical labyrinth, consisting of taller epithelium
where is type 3 epithelium found
thin descending limb in the inner medulla
where is type 4 epithelium found
bend of long-looped nephrons and through the entire thin ascending limb
describe the osmoticity of the thin descending limb
isosmotic
describe the osmoticity of the thin ascending limb
hyposmotic to plasma
what part of the loop of henle is permeable to Na+ and Cl-
thin ascending limb
what does the structure and function of the distal convoluted tubule depend on
delivery and uptake of Na+
what are the predominant cells of the collecting duct
principal cells
what is the primary target for aldosterone action
principal/light cells
what do alpha intercalated cells do
actively secrete H+ into the collecting duct lumen via Cl-/HCO3- exchanges located in their basolateral cell membrane
what do beta intercalated cells do
secrete bicarbonate ions into the lumen of the collecting duct
