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OT 726- Low vision > Low Vision Final Study Guide Part 1 > Flashcards

Low Vision Final Study Guide Part 1 Flashcards

Health Communication & Computer Accessibility

1
Q

Health Communication

“Using printed and written information to function in society, to achieve one’s goals, and to develop one’s knowledge and potential.”

A

Literacy

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2
Q

Health communication

At what grade level do most American high school graduates read?

A

8th Grade Level

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3
Q

Health communication

What are two reasons that older adults have lower literacy levels?

A
  1. Fewer years of formal education
  2. Age-related cognitive declines in reading
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4
Q

Health communication

What is the relationship between education and health literacy?

A

Education level is NOT an indicator of health literacy, only measures years a person attended school.

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5
Q

Health communication

At what reading level are most health education materials written?

A

10th Grade reading level

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6
Q

Health communication

What are some ways in which LV affects reading?

A
  1. decreases reading accuracy
  2. slow reading speed
  3. Increases effort
  4. May reduce reading Comprehension
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7
Q

Health communication

What are the six text quality characteristics for which LV readers are more susceptible?

A
  1. Letter size
  2. Contrast
  3. Spacing
  4. Color of text
  5. Color of page
  6. Text luminance
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8
Q

Health Communication

Be able to recognize observable behaviors that might indicate decreased health literacy.

A
  1. Incomplete or inaccurate completed forms
  2. Missed appointments
  3. Non-compliance with medication regimen
  4. Lack of follow through with recommendations
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9
Q

Health Communication

What are some informal ways to assess health literacy?

A

“Brown bag” medication review:
* During session, bring or review
* Name med, explain purpose, how and when to take.
* Note if they label or ID by looking at pills
* Ask questions to assure they have not simply memorized

Form information:
* Sign name and fill out a short form
* Locate information on a form or handout
* Summarize health education information (teach back method)
* Find and read nutrition information on a food label

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10
Q

Health Communication

Be able to identify general principles for effective oral communication.

A

use simple plain language:
1. slow down use
2. non-medical langauge
3. Short words and sentences
4. Long, unfamiliar words decrease speed and comprehension
5. Include only essential information:
* Limit amount of information given at each visit
* 1 or 2 most important things per visit
* Always review information during visit and at next visit

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11
Q

Health Communication

Be able to describe the “teach back” method.

A
  • Dont simply ask, “Do you understand”?
  • Ask patient to teach back or explain/demonstrate the information provided orally (or written).
  • If explanantion or demonstration is inaccurate, assume you did not provide adequate teaching.
  • reteach with an alternate approach
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12
Q

Health Communication

What two factors of written communication influence reading performance for all patients?

A
  • Patient’s reading grade level
  • Readability of the materials the patient will use
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12
Q

Health Communication

Be able to identify the three “Ask Me 3” questions.

A

Always encourage your patient/client to make sure they understand why they are being asked to do something
1. What is the main problem
2. What do I need to do?
3. Why is it importnat for me to do this?

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13
Q

Health communication

Be able to identify a sentence that is the most “readable” given its written characteristics.

Name some Word Choices:

A
  1. Use common everyday words: “Must” instead of “Shall”
  2. Avoid Multi syllable words: “Do” instead of “perform”
    3.** Use personal pronouns** > “You”
  3. Use action Verbs
  4. Use present tense: “You take 3 times daily”
  5. Use postive rather than negative words: Do instead of dont
  6. Avoid technical words & medical jargon: Blind spot instead of scotoma
  7. Avoid abbreviations and acronyms: Left eye rather than OS
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13
Q

Health Communication

What additional factor of written communication should be considered for low vision and older adult patients?

A

Visibility of ready materials

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14
Q

Health communication

Be able to identify a sentence that is the most “readable” given its written characteristics.

Name some diff types of Sentence structure:

A
  1. Use shorter sentences- 15 words or less
  2. Avoid semi colons
  3. Avoid double negatives: Instead of “dont forget to turn on the light on your magnifier”, USE: “turn on the light in your magnifier”
  4. Include only what the reader needs to know
  5. Provide example for difficult concepts
  6. Be direct
    7.** Put the context first by stating the needed action, followed by descriptive information. **
14
Q

Health communication

Which Readability formula is available as part of microsoft Word?

A

Flesch-Kincade

15
Q

Health communication

What is the minimum print size to use when considering visibility for reading materials?

A

Minimum 16-18 pionts or larger

16
Q

Health communication

Be able to select the highest contrast text from different options.

A

Avoid all color contrast but black and white
* Red, white, blue less visible

17
Q

Health communication

What styles of typeface is good for visibility and what should be avoided?

A
  1. Bold typeface- more readable
  2. Mixed typeface- more reable than
    * ALL CAPS
    * Slanted text
  3. Line spacing- aminimum of 1.25 spaces between lines, or 25-30% of the point size
18
Q

Health communication

What types of fonts are preferable for visibility, and which should be avoided (generally speaking).

A

Prefered: San Serif Fonts> Helvetica, Arial, Calibri
* Choose fonts with increased spacing between words (hepls reader find the beginning of words)

Avoid: Condensed font & fonts with serifs> Times New Roman

18
Q

Computer Accessibility

What is the relationship between older adults and computers/cell phones/ Are they users?

A

Older adults are one of the fastest growing computer and internet user groups.
* 80% of older adults report owning a cellphone of any kind.

19
Q

Computer Accessibility

What cognitive change is considered “normal” with aging?

A

Normal cognitive change with age is reduced processing speed

20
Q

Computer Accessibility

What are three things that can be done to promote participation in the presence of reduced processing speed?

A
  1. Slow down when teaching skills
  2. Repitition
  3. Provide encouragement
21
Q

Computer Accessbility

What are the three “B’s” of computer modifications for low vision users?

A
  1. Bigger- Font size, icons, cursers
  2. Brighter- Screen resolution and brightness levels
  3. Bolder- Increased contrast, reduced background cursers
22
Q

Computer Accessibility

What is the number rule for promoting computer use with older adults?

A

“Keep it simple”

23
Q

Computer Accessibility

What computer operating system has the greatest market share? Mobile device?

A
  • Computers (desktop/laptop)
  • Microsoft Windows (PC): About 69.52% of market share
  • macOS (Mac): about 20.42% of market share
  • Mobile devices (smartphones/tablets)
  • Android: 42% of market share
  • Apple iOS: 55% of market share
  • Google- 3% of market share
24
Q

Computer Accessibility

What type of “accessibility” would be promoted by “OCR” technology? Closed Captioning ? Switch controls?

A
  1. Optical Character Recognition- visual
  2. Closed captioning- Hearing &
    Speech-to-text dictation software
  3. switch controls- Touch
25
Q

Computer Accessibility

System software that manages computer hardware

A

Operating system

26
Q

Computer Accessibility

What type of lighting is most effective as environmental support for computer use?

A

Most effetive lighting: Gooseneck lamps
* Can be positioned to not hit persons face or monitor
* May use to illuminate keyboard and either controllers
* Both ambient and task lighting should produce suffecient,even, non-glare illumination.

27
Q

Computer Accessibility

Accessibility software for screen magnification and readers

A

Zoom text software
* Enhances everything on computer screen
* Echoes typing and selections
* reads documents, webpages, and emails

28
Q

Computer Accessibility

What is meant by the term “ambient lighting?”

A

Ambient lighting is basic room lighting produced by windows, ceiling lights, and table lamps in a room.

28
Q

Computer Accessibility

What is one way to reduce glare, eye strain and fatigue from a computer monitor?

A

Reverse contrast (dark mode)

29
Q

Computer Accessibility

Define “ergonomics”

A

The study of people working in environments.

30
Q

Computer Accessibility

What does a general working environment require?

A
  1. Adequate, highquality, illumination
  2. No sources of glare
  3. Good contrast
  4. Minimal pattern and color
  5. Logical organization

Environment should be ergonomically designed.

30
Q

Computer Accessibility

Be able to identify the proper ergonomic setup for a computer/computer desk.

A
  1. Place monitor slightly below eye level and center in front of client when seated.
  2. Monitor stands can be used to comfortably positionand take advantage of relative magnification.
  3. Seat height may also be resolved by using a cushion
  4. If seat height is such a level that feet are not firmly on floor, the use a foot stool to get approximately 90 hip flexion.
  5. Placement of input devices should be considered:
    - Keyboard should allow 90 of elbow flexion
    - Wrists should be in neutral position when typing
    - Use wrist pad with keyboard to achienve this position.
    - Mouse should be as close to midline as possible to decrese shoulder strain.
31
Q

Computer Accessibility

What are the benefits of a larger computer monitor?

A

Large images reduce need for convergence and good oculomotor control.
* Help reduce eye fatigue

OT 726- Low vision (10 decks)

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