Adult Low Vision Conditions Flashcards
Normal age-related changes, Age-related Macular Degeneration, Glaucoma, and Diabetic Retinopathy
Age-related loss of the eyes ability to focus actively on nearby objects.
Presbyopia
How well someone can distinguish the smallest target on their retina
(Ex: having patient read the lowest line on a eye chart without moving their head)
Static acuity
Which type of visual acuity decreases to 20/30 to 20/40
With a prevalence of 40% by age 70.
Static Acuity
Dynamic acuity also decreases reflecting reduced ____
Gaze stability
Which type of visual acuity causes a person to experiences more visual blur during head movement (as could occur when driving).
Dynamic Acuity
What are the Loss of Accommodations caused by presbyopia:
- Result of compacting of protein fibers in center of lens.
- Lens thickens/loses flexibility
- Occurs gradually beginning in the 4 decade
- Lose ability to see up close (near)/Creates need for bifocal.
Strands of protein which float in vitreous.
More noticeable in bright light. Generally benign unless accompanied by bright flashes or light.
Floaters
Dry Eyes:
____ glands do not make enough or make poor quality tears.
- more prevalent in women
- can be exacerbated by medication
- treated with artificial tears or surgery
Lacrimal glands
Symptoms of itchiness, burning, decreased acuity.
- complaints of blurry vision
- decreased endurance for reading
Are caused by:
Dry Eyes
Pupil diameter decreases is called:
Senile Miosis
Due to ____ lens thickens & becomes increasingly yellow.
- 80-year-old person needs 10x as much light as an average 23-year-old.
- creates many challenges with poorly lit environments.
Light dependency
Reduced light/dark Adaptation
True/False: Takes longer to reform and store visual pigments in receptor cells.
True
Reduced light/dark Adaptation
True/False: Less difficult to go from bright to dark than dark to bright.
False; its more diificult
Reduced light/dark Adaptation
True/False: Possible to reach same level of dark adaptation as younger people.
False; older adults never reach the same level of dark adaptation as younger people.
True/False: Driving performance and mobility is affected by reduced light & dark adaptation.
True
Changes in color and density of lens and decreased pupil aperture is called what?
Contrast Sensitivity
Reduced Contrast Sensitivity:
How much contrast does a
75-year-old need as a younger person?
2x
Reduced Contrast Sensitivity:
How much contrast does a
90-year-old need?
6x
This type of eye condition can affect reading, color discrimination, face identification.
Contrast Sensitivity
The orbit loses fat and the eye sinking in caused by?
Reduced visual field
- affecting mobility
- Safety in driving
Opacification begins in periphery and gradually moves inward towards the center is caused by?
Onset gradual cataract
Old fibers in nucleus become compressed and dehydrated as lens continues to grow throughout lifetime; creating metabolic changes result causing opacity to develop. What is this called?
Cataract
Mrs. Pupil complains of blurred vision, visual distortion, and a reduction od contrast sensitivity her doctor looks at her eyes and states that she is may have developed what in her left eye?
Cataracts (Senile) caused by old age
This type of cataract is present at birth and causes genetic defects, in utero exposure to toxic. Most cataracts of this type are not progressive. Should be removed within first two months of life, if bilateral or significant.
Congenital Cataracts