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OT 726- Low vision > Eye Anatomy & Visual Pathways > Flashcards

Eye Anatomy & Visual Pathways Flashcards

Understanding & describing anatomical structures of the eye

1
Q

The visual system provides three important tasks for the eye:

A
  1. Sight
  2. eye movement control
  3. balance (information used for pastoral and limb movement control)
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2
Q

Processing visual images requires the entire central nervous system:

The brain sees not the eye- the eye is a conduit for sensory information to enter the brain.

A
  1. Brainstem
  2. Cerebellum
  3. all 4 lobes in both hemispheres
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3
Q

This part of the eye protects the eye from foreign bodies and limits light into the eye:

A

Lashes

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4
Q

This part of the eye functions as part of the lacrimal system

A

eyelids

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5
Q

What other functions does the eyelid provide as part of the lacrimal system?

A
  1. Blinking squeezes tears from the lacrimal gland
  2. Tears fill in uneven surfaces of the cornea
  3. nourishes and protects the cornea
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6
Q

This thin transparent membrane lines the eyelids and covers the sclera, what is this called?

A

Conjunctiva

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7
Q

What is the function of the conjunctivas in the eye?

A
  1. provides protection and moisture
  2. contains blood vessels
  3. contains some pain fibers
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8
Q

The eyeball is separated into two segments called:

A

1.Anterior segment

2.Posterior segment

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9
Q

The anterior segment is broken into two chambers: Anterior chamber & posterior chamber.

A

Based on the picture identify which chamber the cornea to iris belong to & iris to front of lens.

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10
Q

Identify and give the specific name for the tunics of the eye
1.outer tunic
2. Middle tunic
3. Inner tunic

A

Fibrous (outer)
Vascular (middle)
Nervous (inner

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11
Q

Within the fibrous tunic: the tough opaque, fibrous layer all around the eye is called the?

A

Sclera

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12
Q

What are the functions of the sclera?

A

1.Protects inner contents of eye
2. Helps maintain shape of eye
3. Encloses eye ball (except cornea)

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13
Q

Within the fibrous tunic: this part of the eye is the outermost layer of the eye and contains many nerves. What is this part of the eye?

A

Cornea

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14
Q

This part of the eye plays the *GREATEST role in refracting light and focusing images onto retina

A

Cornea

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15
Q

Within the vascular tunic: this part of the eye is the vascular supply for the eye, consists of capillaries, and veins. What is this part of the eye?

A

Choroid

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16
Q

This part of the eye separates blood supply for macula/foveal area:

A

Choroid capillaries

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17
Q

_________ in the choroid absorbs light, prevents scatter.

A

Pigmentation

18
Q

In the vascular tunic: this part of the eye is a dilator, sphincter muscle that controls pupil aperture.

A

Iris (pigmentation produces eye color)

19
Q

In the vascular tunic: the Ciliary Body is composed of two structures:

A
  1. Ciliary muscle
  2. Ciliary process
20
Q

Fluid produced by the ciliary body in posterior chamber (this fluid helps maintain shape and pressure).

A

Aqueous Humor

21
Q

Aqueous is _______ produced & drained away

A

Continuously

22
Q

This part of the eye refracts light to focus image onto retina by changing shape.
- shape is controlled by ciliary muscles through CN III

A

Lens ( role in presbyopia-refractive error that we get as we age)

23
Q

Transmits signals from the eye to the brain

A

optic nerve

24
Q

gives eye its shape and protects inner parts

A

sclera

25
Q

A clear structure that refracts light and can change in shape

A

lens

26
Q

Helps to move the eye around

A

Extraocular

27
Q

A tiny ring of muscles that change the size of the pupil

A

Ciliary muscles

28
Q

The pigment ring of muscles that change the size of the pupil

A

Iris

29
Q

A thin layer of cells that convert light into nerve signals

A

Retina

30
Q

Works with the lens to refract light and focus light

A

Cornea

31
Q

What are TWO anatomical differences between the human and bovine eye

A
  1. Presence of tapetum lucidum
  2. Number of extraocular eye muscles (cows have 4 & humans have 6)
32
Q

Which of the following are TRUE regarding vitreous humor?
a. nourishes the cornea
b.focus light onto the retina
c. helps the globe keep its shape
d. helps hold retina in place

A

c. helps the globe keep its shape
d. helps hold retina in place

33
Q

What of the following best describes the pupil?

A

Simply a hole in the riris through which light passes

34
Q

If you enter a very bright room after being in the dark, what would happen to your pupils- get larger or smaller?

A

Smaller

35
Q

What do we know to be TRUE regarding both the cornea and the lens?

A

The curvature of the cornea is fixed, but the lens is changeable

36
Q

What is the purpose of the periborbital yellow fat?

A

Protect eye from bruising

37
Q

Why does the optic nerve cause a blind spot?

A

There are no photoreceptors located at the optic disc.

38
Q

What is the purpose of the Choriod?

A

Supply the retina with blood and nutrients

39
Q

Why arent human eyes reflective to light like animals with tapetum lucidum?

A

Presence of the pigmented epithelium

40
Q

Provides detail vision and color, but very limited field of view?

A

Macula

41
Q

What is the order in which phototransduction occurs in the eye

A
  1. light passes through cells to activate photoreceptors
  2. Signal passes through vertical pather way
  3. Signals can be modified along the way (by 2nd level neurons)
42
Q

Identify on the picture the order in which signals pass through vertical pathways:
1. Photoreceptors
2. Bipolar cell
3. Ganglion cell
4. Optic nerve

A

Look at the photo

OT 726- Low vision (3 decks)

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