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OT 726- Low vision > Low Vision Evaluation > Flashcards

Low Vision Evaluation Flashcards

1
Q

Brief examinations that look for potential vision problems and disorders.

A

Vision Screenings

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2
Q
  • Intended to identify people with undetected vision problems
    Not diagnostic in nature
A

Vision Screenings

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3
Q

Evaluate the integrity of the eye and visual system, usually last for 30 - 60 minutes, and are performed by an ophthalmologist or optometrist.

A

Comprehensive Eye Exams

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4
Q
  • Often include dilation and/or refraction
    Are diagnostic in nature
A

Comprehensive Eye Exams

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5
Q

Who can perform a basic vision screen?

A

Primary care providers, eye care providers, and other trained health-care providers

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6
Q

When do I perform a basic vision screen?

A
  • When functional performance seems to be outside usual limits
  • With certain diagnoses known to impact vision
  • As part of the standard OT evaluation process
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7
Q

Pediatric populations

  • Early detection and treatment of childhood vision disorders are essential in ensuring healthy vision for children
  • ____ may develop at any age
  • ____ are the “GOLD STANDARD” but not all children have ready access due to education and language barriers, etc.
  • Optimal care can be achieved through ____ and referral to an eye care professional when comprehensive eye exams are warranted.
A
  • Vision disorders
  • Comprehensive eye exams
  • Vision screening
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8
Q

Pediatric Screening Recommendations

A “red reflex” (like seeing red eyes in a flash photograph)
* blink pupil response

A

Newborns

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9
Q

Pediatric Screening Recommendations

  • Red reflex
  • Blink and pupil response
  • Check for healthy eye alignment and movement
A

6 to 12 months and 12 to 36 months

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10
Q

Pediatric Screening Recommendations

  • Check for healthy eye alignment and movement
  • Visual acuity
  • Color identification (males)
A

3 to 5 and 5 years +

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11
Q

True/False: Alabama, Idaho North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin, and Wyoming had no vision screening requirements or recommednations.

A

TRUE

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12
Q

Adult Populations

  • Vision screening in working age adults is more ____
  • Recommendations for comprehensive eye exams vary by decade
  • Normal age-related changes to the eye begin to occur after age ____ and continue throughout middle age.
  • Visison screening in this population should occur if the person is complaining of ____ issues related to vision.
  • If they have experienced an acute event, physiological or neurodegenerative change that could impact functional ____.
A
  • Variable
  • 40
  • Occupational performance
  • visual performance
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13
Q

Adults Screening Recommendations:
* Younger than 40 years >
* Ages 40 to 54 years >
* Ages 55 to 64 years >
* Ages 65 and up >

A
  • Every 5 to 10 years
  • Every 2 to 4 years
  • Every 1 to 3 years
  • Every 1 to 2 years
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14
Q

Early signs and symptoms

Which population is being affected based on the following visual delays:
1. Eyes may move quickly side-to-side (nystagmus)
2. Their eyes dont follow your face or object
3. They dont make eye contact with familiar people
4. Their eyes turn towards their nose or drift outward towards the side

A

Infants

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15
Q

Performance Implications

Which population is being affected based on the following visual performance implications:

  1. Learning to walk safely
  2. learning colors and basic shapes
  3. coloring in lines, drawing shapes, letters
  4. play
A

Vision problems in Toddlers

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16
Q

Early signs and symptoms

Which population is being affected based on the following visual delays:

  1. Hold things up close to their face
  2. Rub their eyes a lot or say they are tired
  3. Turn or tilt their head or cover one eye
  4. Have crossed eyes
  5. Are clumsy or often trip over things
A

Older child

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17
Q

Performance Implications

Which population is being affected based on the following visual performance implications:
1. Reading skills
2. Copying from the whiteboard
3. Maintaining attention/Concentration
4. interacting on playground
5. Playig sports

A

Vision problems in School-Aged Children

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18
Q

Early signs and symptoms

Which population is being affected based on the following visual delays:
1. Start holding things further
2. complain of glare or light sensitivity
3. complain of eye fatigue or headaches
4. Bump into things when walking
5. Miss parts of words when reading
6. Be involved in car accidents
7. Start to wear clothing that does not match

A

Adults & Older Adults

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19
Q

performance implications

Which population is being affected based on the following visual performance implications:
1. Driving a car
2. Managing medications
3. Financial management
4. Meal Preparation
5. Computer Accessibility
6. Home management

A

Vision Problems in Adults

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20
Q

Visual Acuity is dependent on 3 points:

A
  1. The sharpness of the image entering the eye
  2. The health and functioning of the retina/visual pathway
  3. The interpretive capability of the brain
21
Q

Measure of a person’s ability to discern small details, with precision, at a given distance

Refers to the clarity of vision

Includes high contrast acuity (distance and near), low contrast acuity and **color **

A

Visual Acuity

22
Q

What are two types of high contrast acuities that are measured:

A

Distance (no Accommadations/ lens flattens)
Reading (requires accommadation/ Spherical lens)

23
Q

What type of visual acuity is being exhibited:

  • Commonly measured at 20 ft or 6 meters
  • Decreased distance acuity suggests a person may be nearsighted
  • Need to rule out refractive error
A

Distance visual acuity

24
Q

What type of visual acuity is being exhibited?
* Commonly measured at 16 in or 40 cm
* Decreased near acuity suggests a person may be farsighted
* Has trouble with accommodation (common in those over 40)

A

Near Visual Acuity

25
Q

** Measures the ability to distinguish an object from its background.**
* Decreased contrast sensitivity suggests retinal degeneration, neurodegeneration, or cataract (for example).

A

Low Contrast Sensitivity

26
Q
  • Measures the ability to detect/distinguish the difference between colors
  • Decreased color vision suggests cone-rod dystrophy, retinal damage, neurodegeneration, or even cataract (for example).
A

Color Vision

27
Q
  • Measures the visual limits of where a person can see when they look out at the world
  • Decreased visual field suggests retinal damage, optic nerve damage, tumor, or other brain damage (for example).
A

Visual Field

28
Q
  • Measures the ability to eye to move and hold in different directions
  • Decreased eye alignment or eye movement suggests nerve palsy, brainstem damage, vestibular disorder, or drug use (for example).
A

Ocular Motility

29
Q

Match the special measures to the correct definition:
1. Depth perception
2. Focusing ability
3. Pupillometry
4. Tonometry
5. Split lamp exam

A) Refraction
B) Pupillometry
C) Split lamp exam
D) Stereopsis
E) Tonometry

A

Stereopsis - depth perception
Refraction - focusing ability
Pupillometry - pupillary response
Tonometry - pressure of the eye
Split lamp exam - retina, optic nerve

30
Q

For images to be focused onto retina, the light rays coming into the eye must be bent so that they come to a focus on the fovea

A

Refraction

31
Q

Light passing from air into the denser curved structures of the eye (cornea and lens) will bend together at a point on the retina

A

Focal Point

32
Q

Refraction involves the following eye structures from deep to superficial: Put the following eyes structures in the order they go:

Lens» Aqueous» Iris/Pupil» Cornea» Vitreous

A

Cornea» Aqueous» Iris/Pupil» Lens» Vitreous

33
Q

True/False: For a normal eye the focal point is not always the Fovea

A

FALSE: Normal eye> Focal Point is always the FOVEA

34
Q

The correct refraction of light into the eye is influenced by:

A
  1. The quality of the refracting surface
  2. Length of the globe

Irregularities in either of these things results in common refractive errors, even in persons with normal vision.

35
Q

Cause reduced acuity ONLY if left uncorrected.
* Therefore, not considered a cause of low vision
* Can be corrected by eyeglasses, contact lenses or surgery

A

Refractive errors

36
Q

Which type pf refractive error is being exhibited?
* Length of globe is perfect
* Focal point falls precisely on fovea

A

Emmetropia

37
Q

Which type pf refractive error is being exhibited?

Length of globe is too short
Focal point falls behind the retinal surface
Vision good for distance, poor for near

A

Hyperopia

37
Q

OT Specialist in Low Vision or OT Gneralist
* Assess how vision impacts occupational performance
* Macular scotoma assessment
* Reading and writing performance test
* Screening of visual function
* Develops an intervention plan to address vision loss and occupational performance

A

OT specialist in low vision

38
Q

Which type pf refractive error is being exhibited?

  • Length of globe is too long
  • Focal point falls short of retinal surface
  • Vision good for near, poor for distance
A

Myopia

39
Q

Most common condition affecting smoothness of corneal surface
* Cornea is spoon-shaped or dimpled
* Light rays are unevenly refracted - causes more than one focal point

A

Astigmatism

Can be born with it or develop with trauma and age

Corrected for optically with CYLINDER LENS (fuses two focal points into one)

40
Q

OT Specialist in Low Vision or OT Generalist
* Screening of basic visual function
* Determines if a referral is necessary
* Determines how to address vision loss within an intervention plan for treatment diagnosis

A

OT Generalist

41
Q

Low vision examinations are typically completed by a

A

MD/OD/ OT may complete depending on setting

42
Q

True/False: LV examination is completed not to determine what’s gone but what usable vision remains.

A

TRUE

43
Q

True/False LV examination evaluation cannot change attitude by emphasizing ability to use remaining vision. The vision clients have left does not matter.

A

FALSE: Evaluation **CAN **change attitude by emphasizing ability to use remaining vision.

44
Q

What are the 4 primary components that are ALWAYS assessed:

A
  • High contrast acuity (intermediate and reading)
  • Low contrast acuity (aka contrast sensitivity function)
  • Visual field integrity
  • Color vision
45
Q

What are some other changes that can be made in visual function:

A
  • Dark light adaptation
  • Sensitivity to glare and light (photophobia)
  • Presence of phantom vision
  • Refraction
46
Q

Which type of assess functional performance is being exhibited?
As OT’s we care about functional performance.
Can complete activity analysis through observation.
Can simply be watching client informally.
Can be rating them perform specific activities

A

Observational

47
Q

What type of assessment is being exhibited in function performance:
* Structured interviews exist to guide assessment of vision-dependent ADL tasks.
* Self-Report Assessment of Functional Visual Performance (SRAFVP).
* Focuses on 38 vision-dependent IADL tasks.
* Developed at UAB in collaboration with Eyesight Foundation, Washington University, and University of Florida through grant from AOTA.
* SRAFVP

A

Self-Report

OT 726- Low vision (10 decks)

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