Intro to low vision

Question 1

Vision loss that cannot be corrected through, surgical intervention, or wearing assistive technology.

Answer 1

Low Vision

Question 2

_____ ______ is severe enough to interfere with occupational performance allows some unseable vision.

Answer 2

Visual Impairment

Question 3

Differentiate between low vision and blindness

Answer 3

low vision allows for some useable vision whereas with blindness there is no ability to use vision.

Question 4

____ ____ is a definition used by the US government to determine if someone is eligible for disability benefits and other services, based on vision criteria

Answer 4

Legal Blindness

Question 5

To be legally blind, a person must have:

Answer 5

20/200 or less in their better eye or a visual field of 20 degrees in the better eye.

Question 6

True/False: Persons who are legally blind have. varying degrees of vision loss

Answer 6

True

Question 7

True/False: Persons who are completely blind are also included in the definition of legally blind.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

True/False: Persons with low vision loss may always qualify as legally blind but, can have significant limitations in occupational performance.

Answer 8

False (They may NOT always qualify as legally blind, because they still have useable vision.)

Question 9

___ ___ Codes are assigned to each level and used to bill for medical rehabilitation

Answer 9

IDC-10

Question 10

The medical system uses the WHO (World Health Organization) Criteria: which describes a range of visual impairments based upon _______ visual acuity

Answer 10

Distance

Question 11

Amanda’s vision has severely declined as she has seen an Occupational therapist to help with her occupational performance. Her vision loss is 20/200-20/400. What Visual level does this indicate?

Answer 11

she has Severe Low Vision
(according to the WHO visual impairment levels)

Question 12

Kelsy went in for her eye exam and the optometrists stated that her vision is 20/20-20/30 and she does not need glasses. What visual level does this indicate?

Answer 12

she has Normal vision (according to the WHO Visual Impairment Levels)

Question 13

In adults, most low vision is a result of 3 age-related diseases:

Answer 13

Macular degeneration
Glaucoma
Diabetic Retinopathy

Question 14

Prevalence of the disease increases with each decade over age ___ & account for ___% of referrals to low vision clinics.

Answer 14

60; 90%

Question 15

Timothy has a progressive eye condition that primarily affects the macula, the central part of the retina, leading to central vision loss.

Answer 15

Age-Related Macular degeneration
(AMD)

Question 16

Gordon is at the eye doctor for a checkup of his eyes. He has developed an eye condition that damages the optic nerve, due to increased intraocular pressure, leading to vision loss and blindness if untreated.

Answer 16

Glaucoma (accounts for 13% of referrals.)

Higher incidence in African Americans and more susceptibility to experiencing vision loss.

Question 17

What are the two types of
Age-Related Macular Degeneration
What race is affected and what is the percentage of high prevalence among adults?

Answer 17

-Dry AMD & Wet AMD
- ALL races get DRY AMD; Caucasians are at greater risk for WET AMD
- Accounts for 60-90% of referrals

Question 18

This progressive eye condition NEVER results in TOTAL blindness (hint: disease of central vision)

Answer 18

Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

Question 19

Because this eye condition damages the OPTIC NERVE it can RESULT in TOTAL BLINDNESS

Answer 19

Glaucoma

Question 20

Mrs.Pupil is 70 years old. She is at the doctor to get her eyes checked as she was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes 10 years ago. Because of her uncontrolled diabetes, she has developed a diabetes-related eye condition and has noticed some visual impairment that can also lead to potential blindness.

Answer 20

Diabetic Retinopathy
(causes damage to the blood vessels in the retina)
Higher prevalence in Minorities (accounting for 9% of referrals)

Question 21

What are some common characteristics of Low Vision?

Answer 21

1. age-related
2. Vision loss is permanent
3. Chronic and progressive (no cure)

Question 22

What are the CONGENITAL eye diseases present at Birth?

Answer 22

• Optic Nerve Hypoplasia (small nerves)
• Nystagmus (rapid eye movement)

Question 23

What are the ACQUIRED eye diseases that develop after birth?

Answer 23

• Retinopathy of prematurity (premature infant)
• Cortical Visual Impairment (brain damage)

Question 24

What are the Inherited eye diseases that run in the family?

Answer 24

• Retinitis pigmentosa (back wall of the eye is damaged)
• Stargard’s disease
• Albinism

Question 25

What causes Low Vision?

Answer 25

Age-Related (mainly seen as a consequence of aging and do not seek rehabilitation.)

Question 26

What gender is most affected by Low Vision?

Answer 26

Female (ratio of elderly females to males is 2:1)
- females with vision loss are more likely to live alone without in-home support.

Question 27

The goal of occupational therapy is to promote…

Answer 27

“Aging in Place”

Question 28

Noah has cataracts and has gone to see his medical doctor who is trained to diagnose and medically manage conditions causing vision impairment. (*hint: The Primary source for ALL low vision services)

Answer 28

Ophthalmologist (MD)
- consultive role, provides information on diagnosis and prognosis.

Question 29

Justin has Dry AMD and is going to see his *Healthcare provider who can diagnose, treat, and manage conditions concerning his visual impairments. What doctor is he seeing for his condition?

Answer 29

Optometrist (OD)
- Doctor of Optometry
- Provide 2/3 of primary eye care services in the U.S.
- Led the development of Low vision rehab.

Question 30

Medical Healthcare system uses which framework?

Answer 30

Restorative not educational framework

Question 31

The Blindness System uses which Framework?

Answer 31

Educational/Vocational Framework
(Most appropriate for retraining veterans and preparing children)

Question 32

This type of rehab is typically provided by the state and includes individuals (16 & older) who suffer from mental, sensory, or physical disorders and injuries. Individuals must have a goal of gainful employment (education, job training, therapy services).

Answer 32

Vocational rehabilitation

Question 33

_______ Is a federally funded program designed to assist individuals age 55 and older who are blind or visually impaired to live more independently in their homes and communities.

Answer 33

OASIS (Older Alabamians System of Information and Services)

Question 34

Jessie is a “Rehabilitation teacher” certified to address ADLs by vision loss. He is helping a patient with Stargard’s disease. The patient needs environmental modifications done to their home. Lastly, the patient states they want to learn Braille and other blind techniques to help as the disease progresses. What therapist is He?

Answer 34

Vision Rehabilitation Therapist
- adults under 55yrs refer to VRS

Question 35

Chloe is an occupational therapist with her master’s in ____ & _____ _____. She helps to address the travel needs of her patients with visual impairments and blindness. (long-canes and guide dogs). She also goes to public schools to provide services. What type of specialist is she?

Answer 35

Orientation and Mobility Specialist (O&M)

Question 36

Emma has a special education degree and has an additional certification in vision. She loves working in the school system with children who have visual impairment issues of literacy and inclusion in the classroom. Within the Public school, she is Referred free of charge to evaluate and make recommendations for students.

Answer 36

Teacher for Visually Impaired (TVI)

Question 37

What is the Generalist Role & what is expected within this role?:

Answer 37

• Understand how Vision Loss influences occupational performance
• understand provider roles and services.
  Understand the role of OT specialists in low vision.
• Accurately complete screening of visual function.
• competent in modifying environments and tasks to maximize safety and independence during Occupational performance.
• able to apply the use of adaptive and assistive technology to maximize occupational performance

Question 38

What is the Specialist Role?

Answer 38

• Identify factors that support or hinder the use of vision in occupational performance.
• develop individualized occupational therapy low vision intervention plans.
• recognize implications of psychosocial issues related to vision loss.
• Advocates for policies, programs, and products that promote health and participation in occupations.