long-term memory

Question 1

Declarative memory

Answer 1

memory that can be consciously recalled and reported verbally
Semantic vs. episodic memory

Question 2

A schema is?

Answer 2

a packet of information with a fixed core and variable aspects

Question 3

A script is?

Answer 3

similar to a schema but refers more specifically to events.

Question 4

How do schemas influence learning and memory?

Answer 4

Selection
Storage
Abstraction
Retrieval
Normalisation

Question 5

Node =

Answer 5

object/concept + set of associated features

Question 6

Distance between node and feature reflects?

Answer 6

length of processing (a canary breathes’ vs. ‘a canary is yellow’)

Question 7

Episodic memory =

Answer 7

memory for a specific event

Includes information about the spatial and temporal context (where and when)

Question 8

Autobiographical memory =

Answer 8

memory for a specific autobiographical event

Question 9

Familiarity =

Answer 9

the sense of recognising the stimulus as previously experienced, but not necessarily being able to say when or where.
 Perceptual qualities
 Result from shallow processing
 Retrieval is generally very quick

Question 10

Recollection =

Answer 10

the ability to consciously recall the previous experience
 Incorporate the meaning, context, etc.
 Result of deep processing
 Retrieval tends to be slow

Question 11

The 3 stages of the lifespan autobiographical memory

Answer 11

recency effect
infantile amnesia
reminiscence bump

Question 12

Recency effect =

Answer 12

better memory for recent events

Question 13

Infantile amnesia =

Answer 13

sharp decrease in number of remembered events from before the age of 5

Question 14

Reminiscence bump =

Answer 14

increased number of memories from late teens – early 20s

Question 15

Why are there and increased number of memories from late teens – early 20s?

Answer 15

Hormones
Heightened emotions
First experiences
Formative meaningful experiences

Question 16

Why are there not many remembered events before the age of 5?

Answer 16

No semantic framework
Pre-linguistic
Imprecise temporal markers
Undeveloped sense of self

Question 17

Flashbulb memory =

Answer 17

vivid memory for a surprising, emotional and consequential
event
more vivid and accurate than everyday memories

Question 18

Prospective memory =

Answer 18

remembering to perform future actions

Question 19

Recovered memories =

Answer 19

memories of an event (usually traumatic) is initially hidden and unrecalled, and later remembered either in the course of therapy or spontaneously

Question 20

Why uncovered memories?

Answer 20

psychological defence
encoded by implicit memory - cant consciously recall
lack of adequate retrieval cues (intense emotional state)

Question 21

Semantic memory in _________ ________ cortex

Episodic memory in ___________

Answer 21

medial temporal

hippocampus