long-term memory Flashcards
Declarative memory
memory that can be consciously recalled and reported verbally
Semantic vs. episodic memory
A schema is?
a packet of information with a fixed core and variable aspects
A script is?
similar to a schema but refers more specifically to events.
How do schemas influence learning and memory?
Selection Storage Abstraction Retrieval Normalisation
Node =
object/concept + set of associated features
Distance between node and feature reflects?
length of processing (a canary breathes’ vs. ‘a canary is yellow’)
Episodic memory =
memory for a specific event
Includes information about the spatial and temporal context (where and when)
Autobiographical memory =
memory for a specific autobiographical event
Familiarity =
the sense of recognising the stimulus as previously experienced, but not necessarily being able to say when or where.
Perceptual qualities
Result from shallow processing
Retrieval is generally very quick
Recollection =
the ability to consciously recall the previous experience
Incorporate the meaning, context, etc.
Result of deep processing
Retrieval tends to be slow
The 3 stages of the lifespan autobiographical memory
recency effect
infantile amnesia
reminiscence bump
Recency effect =
better memory for recent events
Infantile amnesia =
sharp decrease in number of remembered events from before the age of 5
Reminiscence bump =
increased number of memories from late teens – early 20s
Why are there and increased number of memories from late teens – early 20s?
Hormones
Heightened emotions
First experiences
Formative meaningful experiences
Why are there not many remembered events before the age of 5?
No semantic framework
Pre-linguistic
Imprecise temporal markers
Undeveloped sense of self
Flashbulb memory =
vivid memory for a surprising, emotional and consequential
event
more vivid and accurate than everyday memories
Prospective memory =
remembering to perform future actions
Recovered memories =
memories of an event (usually traumatic) is initially hidden and unrecalled, and later remembered either in the course of therapy or spontaneously
Why uncovered memories?
psychological defence
encoded by implicit memory - cant consciously recall
lack of adequate retrieval cues (intense emotional state)
Semantic memory in _________ ________ cortex
Episodic memory in ___________
medial temporal
hippocampus
