Long and Short Term Effects Of Exercise

Question 1

Muscle fatigue

Answer 1

When you exercise, your muscles will feel weak, painful and tired.

Question 2

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 2

When you are exercising for a short amount of time. Sports that are anaerobic are; long jump, high jump and 100m sprint.

Question 3

Aerobic respiration

Answer 3

When you are exercising for a long time. Sports that are aerobic require a lot of oxygen such as; football, long distance running and rugby.

Question 4

Lactate accumilation

Answer 4

When you use your muscles have a build up of lactic acid and are getting very tired. When you have a build up of lactic acid, you are more likely to get cramp.

Question 5

Cramp

Answer 5

A cramp is a severe sort of muscle fatigue, which causes the muscles to contract in a painful way. These happen when an athelte uses their muscles to their maximum, dehydration. It is the bodies way of telling you to recover and relax your muscles.

Question 6

Heart rate

Answer 6

Your heart rate is the number of times beats within a minute. A trained athlete is likely to have a lower heart rate than a person who is not as fit. Bradley wiggins (a professional cyclist) has a heart rate of 40bpm. The time it takes you to recover to your resting heart rate, if it is lower timing the better your fitness levels are.

Question 7

BPM

Answer 7

BPM (beats per minute) is the amount of times your heart beats per minute. The average BPM is around 60-80 BPM

Question 8

Stroke volume

Answer 8

The amount of blood that is pumped out of the heart during each beat. This will increase during physical activity as the muscles will retire more blood. When someone trains more, their heart becomes more efficent and the stroke volume increases therefor the heart rate decreses. This is because the heart doesnt have to work as hard because more blood is being pumped efficiently.

Question 9

Your heart when you exercise.

Answer 9

When you exercise, the heart grts bigger and the stroke volume increases. This leads to the heart rate decresing. The heart will increase in thickness and strength. This enables atheltes to perform at a much higher intensity.

Question 10

Cardiac output

Answer 10

Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped by the heart within one minute. The equation to work this out is:
Cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume
The higher your cardiac output, the better your physical perfomance will be. Your body holds around 6 litres of blood and all the blood can pass through the heart in one minute. Elite athletes can have an output of 35 litres of blood.

Question 11

Effects on your breathing.

Answer 11

When you exercise, you need to bring in more oxygen and get rid of more carbon dioxide. Therefor as you exercise the depth and rate of your breathing increases. When you exercise hard, you use up more oxygen than you take in. This shortfall creates oxygen depth.

Question 12

Oxygen debt

Answer 12

Oxygen dept is when you grt tired from exercising and your body is restriced of it. When you are going through oxygen debt athletes usually stop until they have enough enery and oxygen. Such as boxing when you put your hands up and retreat slightly this also lures the other fighter in and creates an opportunity to counter a punch.

Question 13

What is the Equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 13

Glucose + oxygen ——-> carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 14

Glucose

Answer 14

A major source of energy for most cells in the body. Will enable muscles to exercise and used as a fuel.

Question 15

Aerobic respiration

Answer 15

The process of releasing energy from glucose, using oxygen

Question 16

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 16

The process of of releasing energy from glucose, without oxygen.

Question 17

Aerobic exercise

Answer 17

Working at a moderate intensity allowing the body time to utilise oxygen for energy production and to work for a continuous period, e.g a long distance event such as a marathon, football and rugby.

Question 18

Lactic acid

Answer 18

A colourless acid produced in muscle tissues during strenuous exercise when the body is exercising anaerobically at high intensity.

Question 19

Energy and food groups

Answer 19

Energy comes from a different range of foods, including fats and carbohydrates

Question 20

What food stores would a long distance runner require?

Answer 20

A long distance runner would use complex carbohydrates as they tend to provide more energy and last more.

Question 21

What food stores would a long jumper use?

Answer 21

A long jump athelete would use simple carbohydrates as they are using little oxygen and require less energy

Question 22

Fats

Answer 22

A rich source of energy, but many modern diets provide more than are bodies needed

Question 23

Free sugars

Answer 23

Extra sugar added to food and drinks