Localisation and Lobes Flashcards
What and when did Rene Descartes discover?
1600s so first person, found left and right and their mirroring properties. also found pineal gland and called it seat of the soul
what and when did gall and spurzheim discover?
Phrenology where marks on outside (bump = more developed, depression = less developed). disproven theory. in 1800s
what did Patient T help in the discovery of and when did it happen?
Brocas Aphasia which helped that brocas = speaking and wernickes = understanding as he could understand but not speak. in 1861
what did Fritsh and Hitzig discover and when was it?
In 1870 discovered if electricity is sent along brain then it can initiate movement that is consistent from person to person. this was big, brain uses electricity and discovered a primary motor cortex.
what does damage to the occipital lobe cause?
eye damage - blindness etc
what does the lateral surface of the temporal lobe focus on?
the superior is all auditory and the middle and inferior are visual. audiovisual stream. superior damage = deafness, wernickes aphasia etc. middle/inferior damage = eye damage
what is the right medial temporal lobe responsible for? what does damage to it cause?
making new visual memories and maintaining them. damage will cause inability to retain visual LTMs - talking about miltary in present
what is the left temporal medial lobe for and what does damage to it cause?
can hear fine but retaining verbal memories is impaired. Damages long term verbal memory
how did removing the medial temporal lobe affect patient H.M?
got both retrograde and anterograde amnesia. cannot form new memories into LTM. was still able to pick up skills and do skill based learning
what did H.M teach us about the medial temporal lobe?
hippocampus is crucial in memory reconsolidation (in medial temporal lobe). however it is not responsible for procedural memory formation as mirror drawing test proved can still learn skills.
what is the parietal lobe responsible for?
space and pattern recognition, sensory integration and movement control
what does damage to the left parietal lobe cause?
agraphia, acalculia, right/left confusion, dyslexia, difficulty in drawing details. confusing the spacial/left right orientation of things around/external fine motor activities
what does damage to the right parietal lobe cause?
unable to recognize unfamiliar views of things, difficulty in drawing overall shape of things, contralateral neglect. hard to find body left/right orientation
what is contralateral neglect?
when one side of the body is neglected. Damage must be on the dominant side of the brain and will cause neglect in the opposite side. it can be conceptual or post-conceptual
what is the difference between pre-perceptual and post-perceptual contralateral neglect
conceptual is when the object is ignored because it cannot be seen whereas post-conceptual is ignoring it even though they can see it but no attention goes to it.
