Local Anaesthetic Flashcards
what is the structure of LA
aromatic region (hydrophobic), ester or amide bone, basic amine side chains (hydrophilic)
why is LA presented as a hydrochloride?
to make the amine base more water soluble making the injection less painful
what form does LA need to be in to cross the membrane
in its unionised form
what form does LA need to be in to be active?
ionised
what is the base of LA
hydrochloride
what is the composition of LA preparations
LA base, reducing agent, preservatives and fungicide, vasoconstrictor (adrenaline or felypressin)
what are the ester LA types?
cocaine, procaine, benzocaine
what are the amide LA types?
lignocaine, prilocaine, articiane, bupivicaine
why do we not use lignocaine sometimes?
it contains adrenaline
why do we not use prilocaine sometimes
it contains felypressin which is contraindicated in pregnancy
what local complications can arise from delivering LA?
haematoma, trismus, facial paralysis
