Local Agents (MC)

Question 1

Potency closely related to _____ in vitro

Answer 1

lipid solubility

Question 2

Nerve membrane consists primarily of lipids, vasodilator properties reduce potency, drug is removed from action site by _______

Answer 2

blood

Question 3

speed of onset is influenced by

Answer 3

pKa

Question 4

Infected tissues have low pH and may be more vascularized …….. this can lead to ____

Answer 4

reduced non-ionized fraction of local anesthetics, faster uptake by bloodreduced or absent local anesthetic action.

Question 5

Duration of action is determined by

Answer 5

protein binding

Question 6

Cocaine causes ______

Answer 6

vasoconstriction

Question 7

_____ delays wound healing

Answer 7

Epinephrine

Question 8

_____ cause methemglobinemia

Answer 8

Benzocaine and Prilocaine

Question 9

what happens when adding bicarb = pH closer to drugs pKa

Answer 9

increased potency and duration

Question 10

Adding opioid and alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonists = _____

Answer 10

can give to increase efficiency, extend duration of block

Question 11

describe the onset and duration of lidocaine

Answer 11

onset = rapid (5min)duration = short (1-2 hours)

Question 12

Cannot in lidocaine CRI in which species

Answer 12

cannot give CRI in cats because more sensitive to toxic effects

Question 13

describe the onset and duration of Bupivacaine

Answer 13

slow onset (20-30 min)long duration (4-6 hours)

Question 14

with which drug (lidocaine or bupivocaine) is cardiotoxicity greater

Answer 14

cardiotoxicity is greater with bupivocainedamage to articular cartilageL-bupivacaine is less toxic

Question 15

eutectic mixture of local anesthetics: 2.5% lidocaine + 2.5% prilocaine

Answer 15

EMLA cream