Lectures 1-5 (LS) Flashcards
Drug induced & reversible state of:
- loss of consciousness
- Analgesia
- Immobility
- Hyporeflexia
General Anesthesia
Level of General Anesthesia adequate to perform surgery?
Surgical Anesthesia
Analgesia is?
loss of sensitivity to pain
How is Hypnosis different from General Anesthesia?
A patient under hypnosis can be aroused by sufficient stimulation.
Combo of a neuroleptic drug (like Ace) & an analgesic drug
Neuroleptanalgesia
What is a classic anesthetic drug? Give an example.
- Leads to unconsciousness, analgesia, immobility & reduced reflexes
- Ketamine
Characteristics:
- Surgical anesthesia produced by 2 or more drugs or anesthetic techniques
- Less side effects
Balanced Anesthesia
CNS depression in which the patient is awake, but calm; tranquilization
Sedation
List the 3 Phases of Anesthesia
- Induction (+ Premed)
- Maintenance
- Recovery
2 intentions of Sedation
- Gives patients the ability to tolerate unpleasant procedures
- Expedite & simplfy procedures for uncooperative patients
An unpleasant sensory & emotional experience associated w/ acutal or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage
Pain
- Neural processes of encoding & processing noxious stimuli
- takes place in the unconscious patient if analgesia is not sufficient
Nociception
Do all anesthetics induce unconsciouness, analgesia & muscle relaxation?
NO!
Total Intravenous Anesthesia
(TIVA)
anesthesia maintained by means of injectable drugs only
Partial Intravenous Anesthesia
(PIVA)
Anesthia maintained partially w/ IV injectable drugs & partly w/ inhalation anesthetics
What is the most common undesired side effect of anesthesia?
Depression in cardiopulmonary fxn.
What all should you take into consideration in order to choose a suitable anethestic?
- Species
- Health status
- Duration of procedure
- Severity of procedure
- Available personnel
- Available monitoring equipment
What 3 things are included in Preanathestic Assessment?
- Signalment, HX & PE
- Bloodwork & other diagnostics
- DX of diseases that can affect anesthestic management
What system is used to judge the risk of anathesia & allows one to inform the owner accordingly?
ASA Physical Status Classification System
Define the different classes of the ASA System?
A patient with compensated heart dz is given which ASA status?
ASA Status 2
A patient with decompensated heart disease is given what ASA status?
ASA Status 3
ASA Status System only includes factors affecting anesthesia risk from the side of whom?
The patient
Experience of surgeon, available equipment, surgery time, etc are not considered
What are the basic parameters used when assessing any patient for anesthesia?
(7)
- HX
- TPR
- Mucous membrane color
- CRT
- Heart & thorax ascultation
- PCV
- PP
What parameters used by measured when assessing a healthy elderly animal for anesthesia?
(5)
Basic parameters +
- Urea
- Creatinine
- Liver enzymes
- Glucose
- Na/K/Cl & possible Ca
What parameters should be considered for anesthesia of trauma patients?
Basic parametners +
- Urea
- Creatinine
- Liver enzymes
- Glucose
- Na/K/Cl & maybe Ca
- Blood pressure
- Any other DX test needed (Xray, US, etc)
Importance of Pre-operative Fasting?
(3)
- Full stomach impedes respiration
- Decreases likelihood of vomiting/aspiration
- Decreases risk of bloat & tympanies in Rumis
Recommended fasting time for
monogastric animals?
8-10 hours
Recommended fasting time for Equines?
6-12 hours
Recommended fasting times for
small rumis & camelids?
12-18 hours
Recommended fasting times for cattle?
- Food: 12-24 hours
- H20: 8-12 hours
What are the fasting recommendations for neonates, very young animals, & small mammals?
Should not be starved or only for very short periods of time (4 hours)
What are the advantages of an IV cathether?
- Stress free induction
- Reduced risk of perivascular injection
- Lifesaving measures can be easily taken
- Fluid Adim to maintian BP
- Avoids intra-arterial injection –> possible death!
6 reasons we premedicate our animals?
- Reduce stress & facilitate handling
- Optimal perioperative analgesia
- Increase safety of anesthestics by reducing their dose requirements
- Provide analgesia
- Better recovery
- Better mm. relaxation during anesthesia
Premed consists of a ____ & an ____ drug?
Sedative & analgesic
When should you pre-med a SA patient if using IM/SC route?
15-45 min before induction
When should you pre-med a LA patient IV? a SA patient?
- LA= 5-10 min before induction
- SA= rapid sequence induction
When should you pre-med a patient PO?
60 min before induction
(rare, species limitations)
Corticosteroids should not be combined with what drug class? Why?
NSAIDs
predisposes to GI ulceration
Type of Antibiotics that potentiate Nueromuscular blockers & may cause Renal Toxicity?
Aminoglycosides
What type of drug may reduced the induction dose of anesthesia?
Anticonvulsants
(phenobarb)
Antidepressants may interdere with what type of drugs?
neuroactive drugs
Why do we fast our animals before anesthesia?
- Reduced likelihood of aspiration/regurgitation
- Reduce pressure on the diaphragm
- CO better maintained
- Reduce risk of tympany
