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anesthesiology master > Lectures 1-5 (LS) > Flashcards

Lectures 1-5 (LS) Flashcards

1
Q

Drug induced & reversible state of:

  • loss of consciousness
  • Analgesia
  • Immobility
  • Hyporeflexia
A

General Anesthesia

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2
Q

Level of General Anesthesia adequate to perform surgery?

A

Surgical Anesthesia

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3
Q

Analgesia is?

A

loss of sensitivity to pain

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4
Q

How is Hypnosis different from General Anesthesia?

A

A patient under hypnosis can be aroused by sufficient stimulation.

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5
Q

Combo of a neuroleptic drug (like Ace) & an analgesic drug

A

Neuroleptanalgesia

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6
Q

What is a classic anesthetic drug? Give an example.

A
  • Leads to unconsciousness, analgesia, immobility & reduced reflexes
  • Ketamine
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7
Q

Characteristics:

  • Surgical anesthesia produced by 2 or more drugs or anesthetic techniques
  • Less side effects
A

Balanced Anesthesia

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8
Q

CNS depression in which the patient is awake, but calm; tranquilization

A

Sedation

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9
Q

List the 3 Phases of Anesthesia

A
  1. Induction (+ Premed)
  2. Maintenance
  3. Recovery
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10
Q

2 intentions of Sedation

A
  • Gives patients the ability to tolerate unpleasant procedures
  • Expedite & simplfy procedures for uncooperative patients
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11
Q

An unpleasant sensory & emotional experience associated w/ acutal or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage

A

Pain

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12
Q
  • Neural processes of encoding & processing noxious stimuli
  • takes place in the unconscious patient if analgesia is not sufficient
A

Nociception

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13
Q

Do all anesthetics induce unconsciouness, analgesia & muscle relaxation?

A

NO!

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14
Q

Total Intravenous Anesthesia

(TIVA)

A

anesthesia maintained by means of injectable drugs only

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15
Q

Partial Intravenous Anesthesia

(PIVA)

A

Anesthia maintained partially w/ IV injectable drugs & partly w/ inhalation anesthetics

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16
Q

What is the most common undesired side effect of anesthesia?

A

Depression in cardiopulmonary fxn.

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17
Q

What all should you take into consideration in order to choose a suitable anethestic?

A
  • Species
  • Health status
  • Duration of procedure
  • Severity of procedure
  • Available personnel
  • Available monitoring equipment
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18
Q

What 3 things are included in Preanathestic Assessment?

A
  • Signalment, HX & PE
  • Bloodwork & other diagnostics
  • DX of diseases that can affect anesthestic management
19
Q

What system is used to judge the risk of anathesia & allows one to inform the owner accordingly?

A

ASA Physical Status Classification System

20
Q

Define the different classes of the ASA System?

A
21
Q

A patient with compensated heart dz is given which ASA status?

A

ASA Status 2

22
Q

A patient with decompensated heart disease is given what ASA status?

A

ASA Status 3

23
Q

ASA Status System only includes factors affecting anesthesia risk from the side of whom?

A

The patient

Experience of surgeon, available equipment, surgery time, etc are not considered

24
Q

What are the basic parameters used when assessing any patient for anesthesia?

(7)

A
  • HX
  • TPR
  • Mucous membrane color
  • CRT
  • Heart & thorax ascultation
  • PCV
  • PP
25
Q

What parameters used by measured when assessing a healthy elderly animal for anesthesia?

(5)

A

Basic parameters +

  • Urea
  • Creatinine
  • Liver enzymes
  • Glucose
  • Na/K/Cl & possible Ca
26
Q

What parameters should be considered for anesthesia of trauma patients?

A

Basic parametners +

  • Urea
  • Creatinine
  • Liver enzymes
  • Glucose
  • Na/K/Cl & maybe Ca
  • Blood pressure
  • Any other DX test needed (Xray, US, etc)
27
Q

Importance of Pre-operative Fasting?

(3)

A
  • Full stomach impedes respiration
  • Decreases likelihood of vomiting/aspiration
  • Decreases risk of bloat & tympanies in Rumis
28
Q

Recommended fasting time for

monogastric animals?

A

8-10 hours

29
Q

Recommended fasting time for Equines?

A

6-12 hours

30
Q

Recommended fasting times for

small rumis & camelids?

A

12-18 hours

31
Q

Recommended fasting times for cattle?

A
  • Food: 12-24 hours
  • H20: 8-12 hours
32
Q

What are the fasting recommendations for neonates, very young animals, & small mammals?

A

Should not be starved or only for very short periods of time (4 hours)

33
Q

What are the advantages of an IV cathether?

A
  • Stress free induction
  • Reduced risk of perivascular injection
  • Lifesaving measures can be easily taken
  • Fluid Adim to maintian BP
  • Avoids intra-arterial injection –> possible death!
34
Q

6 reasons we premedicate our animals?

A
  • Reduce stress & facilitate handling
  • Optimal perioperative analgesia
  • Increase safety of anesthestics by reducing their dose requirements
  • Provide analgesia
  • Better recovery
  • Better mm. relaxation during anesthesia
35
Q

Premed consists of a ____ & an ____ drug?

A

Sedative & analgesic

36
Q

When should you pre-med a SA patient if using IM/SC route?

A

15-45 min before induction

37
Q

When should you pre-med a LA patient IV? a SA patient?

A
  • LA= 5-10 min before induction
  • SA= rapid sequence induction
38
Q

When should you pre-med a patient PO?

A

60 min before induction

(rare, species limitations)

39
Q

Corticosteroids should not be combined with what drug class? Why?

A

NSAIDs

predisposes to GI ulceration

40
Q

Type of Antibiotics that potentiate Nueromuscular blockers & may cause Renal Toxicity?

A

Aminoglycosides

41
Q

What type of drug may reduced the induction dose of anesthesia?

A

Anticonvulsants

(phenobarb)

42
Q

Antidepressants may interdere with what type of drugs?

A

neuroactive drugs

43
Q

Why do we fast our animals before anesthesia?

A
  • Reduced likelihood of aspiration/regurgitation
  • Reduce pressure on the diaphragm
  • CO better maintained
  • Reduce risk of tympany
44
Q
A

anesthesiology master (20 decks)

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