Lectures 1-5 (LS) Flashcards by Linde Saunders

Drug induced & reversible state of:

loss of consciousness
Analgesia
Immobility
Hyporeflexia

General Anesthesia

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Level of General Anesthesia adequate to perform surgery?

Surgical Anesthesia

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Analgesia is?

loss of sensitivity to pain

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How is Hypnosis different from General Anesthesia?

A patient under hypnosis can be aroused by sufficient stimulation.

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Combo of a neuroleptic drug (like Ace) & an analgesic drug

Neuroleptanalgesia

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What is a classic anesthetic drug? Give an example.

Leads to unconsciousness, analgesia, immobility & reduced reflexes
Ketamine

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Characteristics:

Surgical anesthesia produced by 2 or more drugs or anesthetic techniques
Less side effects

Balanced Anesthesia

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CNS depression in which the patient is awake, but calm; tranquilization

Sedation

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List the 3 Phases of Anesthesia

Induction (+ Premed)
Maintenance
Recovery

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2 intentions of Sedation

Gives patients the ability to tolerate unpleasant procedures
Expedite & simplfy procedures for uncooperative patients

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An unpleasant sensory & emotional experience associated w/ acutal or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage

Pain

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Neural processes of encoding & processing noxious stimuli
takes place in the unconscious patient if analgesia is not sufficient

Nociception

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Do all anesthetics induce unconsciouness, analgesia & muscle relaxation?

NO!

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Total Intravenous Anesthesia

(TIVA)

anesthesia maintained by means of injectable drugs only

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Partial Intravenous Anesthesia

(PIVA)

Anesthia maintained partially w/ IV injectable drugs & partly w/ inhalation anesthetics

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What is the most common undesired side effect of anesthesia?

Depression in cardiopulmonary fxn.

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What all should you take into consideration in order to choose a suitable anethestic?

Species
Health status
Duration of procedure
Severity of procedure
Available personnel
Available monitoring equipment

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What 3 things are included in Preanathestic Assessment?

Signalment, HX & PE
Bloodwork & other diagnostics
DX of diseases that can affect anesthestic management

What system is used to judge the risk of anathesia & allows one to inform the owner accordingly?

ASA Physical Status Classification System

Define the different classes of the ASA System?

A patient with compensated heart dz is given which ASA status?

ASA Status 2

A patient with decompensated heart disease is given what ASA status?

ASA Status 3

ASA Status System only includes factors affecting anesthesia risk from the side of whom?

The patient

Experience of surgeon, available equipment, surgery time, etc are not considered

What are the basic parameters used when assessing any patient for anesthesia?

(7)

HX
TPR
Mucous membrane color
CRT
Heart & thorax ascultation
PCV
PP

What parameters used by measured when assessing a healthy elderly animal for anesthesia? (5)

Basic parameters + * Urea * Creatinine * Liver enzymes * Glucose * Na/K/Cl & possible Ca

What parameters should be considered for anesthesia of trauma patients?

Basic parametners + * Urea * Creatinine * Liver enzymes * Glucose * Na/K/Cl & maybe Ca * Blood pressure * Any other DX test needed (Xray, US, etc)

Importance of Pre-operative Fasting? (3)

* Full stomach impedes respiration * Decreases likelihood of vomiting/aspiration * Decreases risk of bloat & tympanies in Rumis

Recommended fasting time for **monogastric animals**?

8-10 hours

Recommended fasting time for **Equines**?

6-12 hours

Recommended fasting times for **small rumis & camelids**?

12-18 hours

Recommended fasting times for **cattle**?

* **_Food_**: 12-24 hours * **_H₂0_**: 8-12 hours

What are the fasting recommendations for neonates, very young animals, & small mammals?

Should not be starved or only for very short periods of time (4 hours)

What are the advantages of an IV cathether?

* Stress free induction * Reduced risk of perivascular injection * Lifesaving measures can be easily taken * Fluid Adim to maintian BP * Avoids intra-*arterial* injection --\> possible death!

6 reasons we premedicate our animals?

* Reduce stress & facilitate handling * Optimal perioperative analgesia * Increase safety of anesthestics by reducing their dose requirements * Provide analgesia * Better recovery * Better mm. relaxation during anesthesia

Premed consists of a ____ & an ____ drug?

Sedative & analgesic

When should you pre-med a SA patient if using IM/SC route?

15-45 min before induction

When should you pre-med a LA patient IV? a SA patient?

* LA= 5-10 min before induction * SA= rapid sequence induction

When should you pre-med a patient PO?

60 min before induction | (rare, species limitations)

Corticosteroids should not be combined with what drug class? Why?

NSAIDs predisposes to GI ulceration

Type of Antibiotics that potentiate Nueromuscular blockers & may cause Renal Toxicity?

Aminoglycosides

What type of drug may reduced the induction dose of anesthesia?

Anticonvulsants | (phenobarb)

Antidepressants may interdere with what type of drugs?

neuroactive drugs

Why do we fast our animals before anesthesia?

* Reduced likelihood of aspiration/regurgitation * Reduce pressure on the diaphragm * CO better maintained * Reduce risk of tympany