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Anesthesiology Master > Drugs (MC) > Flashcards

Drugs (MC) Flashcards

1
Q

Anticholinergic drugs

A

Atropine - (BBB & BPB)Glycopyrolate - longer

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2
Q

Uses of Anticholinergics

A

Tx of Bradycardia caused by vagal stimualtion

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3
Q

Anticholinergics EffectsCNSCVRespAnalgesia Reversible

A

CNS - No effectsCV - Vasoconstriction –> dumps blood into central compartment –> Increase SV –> increase HRResp - Increase via BronchodilationAnalgesia - NOReversible - NO

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4
Q

Other facts about Anticholinergics

A

Increase sphincter tonemydriasis (dilation of the pupil)** Decrease GI Motility **decrease mucus secretions

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5
Q

Phenothiazine drugs

A

Acepromazine (4-6hrs)

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6
Q

Uses of Phenothiazines like Ace.

A

Pre-medSedation in combo w/opioids or alpha 2 agonists

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7
Q

Phenothiazine (Ace.) EffectsCNS CVResp AnalgesiaReversible

A

Ace - D2 antag/ A1 antagCNS - Anti-emetic; No ataxia; SedationCV- vasodilation –> decrease BP; protects heart from catecholamine induced arrhythmias; adrenaline reversal; if act on B2 receptors –> double vasodilation –> severe decrease in BPResp- NOAnalgesia - NOReversible - NO

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8
Q

Other facts about Phenothiazine (Ace.)

A

Antiemeticnegative thermoregulation (poikilothermic)ParaphimosisPriapismdecrease PCV –> RBC sequestering in spleen

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9
Q

Butryophenone drugs

A

Azaperone

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10
Q

Butyrophenone uses

A

Sedation ONLY in pigsin combo with ketamine for anx

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11
Q

Butyrophenone effectsCNSCVResp AnalgesiaReversible

A

CNS- sedation with no ataxiaCV- Vasodilation; decrease BPResp- NOAnalgesia - NOReversible- NO

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12
Q

Other facts about Butyrophenone (Azaperone)

A

Like Ace S/E less pronounced

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13
Q

Alpha 2 Agonists - Drugs

A

shortest acting to longest actingXylazine DetomidineRamifidineMedatomadineDexdomitor

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14
Q

A2 agonists Uses

A

Premed - alone or in combo with opioidsSedation - +/- opioidsBalanced AnxPeriop Anx

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15
Q

A2 Agonist EffectsCNSCV Resp AnalgesiaReversible

A

CNS- sedation; muscle relax; CAVE- horses and aggressive dogsCV- Vasoconstriction –> increase BP –> decrease HR; bradyarrhythmia; centrally mediated hypotensionResp- decrease RR; Lung edema in ruminants esp sheepAnalgesia- YesReversible - Yes; Atipamazole (dexmedetomidine and medetomidine); Yohimbine (xylazine) ; Tolazaline (xylazine)

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16
Q

Other facts about A2 agonists

A

EmeticHypothermiadecrease GI motilityincrease urine productionHyperglycemia

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17
Q

Benzodiazepine drugs

A

DiazepamMidazolamZolazepam

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18
Q

Benzodiaz. uses

A

SedationMuscle relaxgood in compromised pts

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19
Q

Benzodiaz. effectsCNSCVResp AnalgesiaReversible

A

CNS- sedation, muscle relax, anticonvulsantCV- NOResp- Minimal but increase resp depression caused by anestheticsAnalgesia- Minimal Reversible - Flumazenil

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20
Q

Other facts about Benzos

A

CAVE horsesIn healthy adults +/- paradoxic runsOnly good in young/old

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21
Q

Central Muscle Relaxants drugs

A

Guaifenesin Zolazepam ?????

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22
Q

Guaifenesin (central mus. relax.) uses

A

ONLY in horses to improve muscle relax in combo with ketamine

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23
Q

Guaifenesin (central mus. relax.) effectsCNSCV Resp AnalgesiaReversible

A

CNS- Central MM relax.; Anticonvulsant; AtaxiaCV- NOResp- Minimal Analgesia - NOReversible - NO

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24
Q

Other facts - Guaifenesin (central mus. relax.)

A

Very irritatingHemolytic @ [high]Useful dose rate –> high vol. in inj.

25
Q

Opioids - Pure Agonist drugs

A

MorphinePentidineHydromorphineMethadoneFentanylRemifentanilAlfentanil

26
Q

Opioids - Partial Agonists

A

Buprenorphine

27
Q

Opioids - Agonist/Antagonist

A

Agonist (Kappa recep)Antagonist (Mu recep)Butorphenol

28
Q

Opioids - Pure Antagonist

A

NaloxoneNaltrexone

29
Q

What Opioid reverses Opioid Pure Agonists

A

Naloxonewhich is an opioid - pure antagonist

30
Q

Opioid uses

A

Premeds/just sedationIn combo w/sedatives –> additive/synergistic effectsPeriop analgesiaIntraop analgesia (balanced anx)

31
Q

Opioid –> mostly visceral; very low S/E

A

Butorphenolopioid - agonist/antagonist

32
Q

Opioid –> commonly used in zoos

A

Naloxoneopioid - pure antagonist

33
Q

Opioids EffectsCNSCVResp AnalgesiaReversible

A

CNS- Mild sedation; analgesia; behavioral changes (horse/cat)CV- Histamine release after IV (Not Hydromorphine or Methadone); Decrease HR; Decrease BP; Vagal +Resp- Decrease RR; decrease sensitivity to increase arterial ppCO2; Most dangerous effect at high dose (pure ag.)in resp decreaseAnalgesia - YESReversible- Buprenorphine (partial agonist) is difficult to antagonize –> strong affinity for mu receps; Naloxone (pure antag) reverses pure agonists and has shorter 1/2 t than most opioids

34
Q

other facts about opioids

A

Crosses placenta –> decrease resp rate in neonateexcreted in milk Emetic –> anti-emeticincrease bladder sphincter toneantitussive (But.)primary –> constipationDogs –> Miosis (constriction of the pupil) and decrease tempCats –> Mydriasis (dilation of the pupil) and increase temp*Auditory sensitivity increase with fentanyl in cats can build up tolerance

35
Q

Barbituate drugs

A

shortest - Thiopentalmiddle - Pentobarbitallongest - Phenobarbital

36
Q

Barbituate Contraindications

A

Hepatic dzNeonates Grey houndsCachexia (wasting syndrome)Splenectomy C-section

37
Q

Barbituate EffectsCNSCVResp AnalgesiaReversible

A

CNS- Fast induction; strong hypnosis (decrease ICP); neuroprotectant (anti-eleptics)CV - Arrhythmias; Decrease BP; Decrease CO –> tachyarrhythmia; MM relaxResp - NO Analgesia- NOReversible - NO

38
Q

Barbituates other factors

A

*Quickest onset of action - shortest durationExtremely irritant Precipitates in LRSHypothermiaSlow recovery due to redistribution –> cumulates in fat

39
Q

Propofol drugs

A

Propofol

40
Q

Propofol effectsCNSCVResp AnalgesiaReversible

A

CNS- decrease ICP; short acting; anticonvulsant; good hypnosis CV- decrease BP; decrease contractility; repeated doses –> heinz bodies in cats; anemiaResp depression (worst drawback)Analgesia - NOReversible - NO

41
Q

Barbituate uses

A

Induction

42
Q

Propofol uses

A

Widely usedIV sedationGood in small ruminantsGood with liver and kidneys

43
Q

Propofol other facts

A

Give slowly to effect (resp -)Minimal accumulationsTwo formulasMyoclonus (sudden, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles) after induction

44
Q

Alfaxalone drugs

A

Alfaxalone

45
Q

What kind of drug is Alfaxalone

A

Neuroactive steroid

46
Q

Alfaxalone uses

A

Rapid anx onsetMin accumgood for CRI

47
Q

Alfaxalone effectsCNSCVResp AnalgesiaReversible

A

CNS- decrease ICP; short acting; anticonvulsant; MM relaxCV - decrease contractility –> decrease BP –> reflex tachycardResp- depression (less than propofol) Analgesia- NOReversible - NO

48
Q

Etomidate drugs

A

Etomidate $$$

49
Q

Etomidate uses

A

Fast indction min CVNecrosis perivasc.

50
Q

Alfaxalone other facts

A

Can be IMGive slowly to effectMuscle twitching following inductionStormy recovery despite sedation in cats

51
Q

Etomidate effectsCNSCVRespAnalgesiaReversible

A

CNS- GABA; decrease ICPCV- NO effectResp - minimalAnalgesia - NOReversible - NO

52
Q

Other factors - Etomidate

A

Myoclonus if no premeds –> give w/ mm relaxDecrease syn. of cortisol

53
Q

Dissociative drugs

A

KetamineTiletamine

54
Q

Dissociative drug uses (ketamine and tiletamine)

A

Induction in many speciesMaintenance for short procedures CRIIM inj. +/- pain

55
Q

Contraindications for Dissociatives (ketamine and tiletamine)

A

Increased IOPHead traumaEpilepsyBrain tumorMyelogramC-section

56
Q

Dissociatives effectsCNSCVRespAnalgesiaReversible

A

CNS- No hypnosis; Catalepsy (trancelike state of consciousness that is marked by a loss of voluntary motion); Reflexes maintained; Increased IOP; Increased ICP; increase O2 consumption –> increase HR and BP CV - Sympathetic stimulation; Increase HR and increase BPResp- Mild resp depression; bronchodilationAnalgesia- Yes (somatic)Reversible - NO

57
Q

Other facts - Dissociatives (Ketamine and Tiletamine)

A

Cataleptic stateIV, IM, SQ, PO, recall (?)Increase salivationIncrease/Decrease tempNEVER USE ALONE!!!!!!Anesthetic depth is hard to assess

58
Q

Extra facts about Tiletamine

A

Longer DOA - combo with Zolazepam (decrease 1/2t)+/- long recovery (rough)Muscle rigidity, excite, seizureNo redoseGood in hard to anesthetize patients (wild animals)

Anesthesiology Master (20 decks)

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