Locaisation of function Flashcards
Localisation of fiction
The idea that certain functions have certain locations within the brain.
Lobes of the brain
THE FAIRY PRINCESS OPETHLIEA
Temporal lobe
Frontal lobes
Parietal lobe
occipital love
Area of the brain
Motor cortex
Somatosensory cortex
Visual context
Auditory cortext
Where is the motor area located?
In the frontal lobe.
- Coordinates voluntary movements
- Both hemispheres
- Arranged in logical order
- Contralateral
Visual centres
A nerve impulse from the retina is transmitters via optic nerve to the thalamus, which relays it to the visual context into the occipital lobes
Where is the Somatosensory area/ cortex located?
Parietal lobe
- Receive sensory info from the sensory
- Arranged in logical order
- Contralateral
Auditory centres
Nerve impulse from the cochlea travel the auditory nerve to the brain stem, for basic decoding then confines via the thalamus to the auditory forest where sound is interpreted.
Where is the visual cortext located?
Occipital lobe
- Receives and process visual info
- Contralateral
- Different parts for colour shape etc
where is the auditory area located?
In the temporal lobe
- Analysing and processing acoustic info
- Contralateral
- different parts - primary auditory area is involved in processing simple features of sound including volume tempo and pitch
What hemisphere the Motor area located in?
Both hemispheres
The motor area on one side of the brain controls the muscles of the opposite side
What hemisphere is the somatosensory area located in?
Both hemispheres
The somatosensory area on one side of the brain recurved sensory information from the opposite side of the body.
What hemisphere is the visual are located in?
Both hemispheres
Information from the rich-hand side visual field is process in the left-hemisphere, and information from the left-hand side visual field is process of the right-hemisphere
What hemisphere is the auditory area located in?
Both
Information from the left ear goes primarily to the right hemisphere and information frok the right goes to primary the left hemisphere
What are the language centre of the brain
Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area
Broca’s Area
In the posterior part of the left frontal lobe, near to the motor region which controls the mouth and vocal cords, is involved in speech production
Paul Broca’s (1865)
conducted an examination on his patient called ‘Tan’ and discovered that Tan was unable to speak however understood spoken language.
Wernicke’s Area
Is in the posterior portion of the left temporal lobe near the auditory cortex. It is involved in speech production
Wernicke’s summary
- Cannot comprehend language
- Able to speak
- Left temporal lobe
Broca’s area
- Unable to speak fluently
- Can comprehend language
- left frontal lobe
Support for localisation comes from studies of patients within aphasia due to lesions
E- Broca’s researched nine patients within similar speech deficits, and found they had lesions in a particular part of their frontal lobe.
E- In addition, Wernicke’s researched painted who could still speak had problems understanding language. He found they all had lesions in similar area in the left temporal lobe.
L- This shows that there are specific areas in the brain that are specialised for language production and comprehension
One problem with this study is that lesions often affect several brain areas.
Dronkers et al.
E: Dronkers et al. examined the preserved brains of two Broca’s pairenrs using MRI, and found other areas were damaged, not just broca’s area.
E- In fact, lesions that only affect Broca’s area generally only result in temporary speech disruption
L: This suggest that language involved networks of brain regions not just specific areas
Challenges to localisation: Equipptentially
P: Lashly beloved that if a brain area was damaged, other intact areas of cortext could take over their function.
E: The effect of brain damage would depend on its extent rather than its location
E: This supported by the discovery that people
can regain some cognitive abilities after brain damage.
L: This supports the idea that basic motor and sensory functions are localised but higher mental functions are not.
