LO 5.1 - Identify 5 common diseases from a list of 10 Flashcards
Examples include: Botrytis, powdery and downy mildew, black spot, damping off, sooty mould, bacterial canker, soft rot of potato, apple canker, apple scab, fusarium patch on turf, leaf mosaic virus e.g. cucumber mosaic, tulip break, tomato mosaic, - symptoms, damage, control measures
Id this Disease
What is this disease and the symptoms?
Disease ID
Apple Scab symptoms
It’s a fungus that occurs on leaves, fruit, flowers, and young shoots
* Spring: light green lesions
* Summer: turns olive-brown with a velvety texture
* Scab-like lesions warp the leaf and lead to defoliation.
* On fruit: bare, brown and corky spots that crack open
Disease ID
Id this Disease
What is this disease and the symptoms?
Disease ID
Club Root symptoms
* Common disease of cabbages/Brassicaceae family
* Gall formation or distortion takes place on roots
* Heads do not develop and declining health overal
Disease ID
Id this Disease
What is this disease?
Disease ID
Viral symptoms
* Tomato mosaic virus
Disease ID
Id this Disease
What is this disease and the symptoms?
Disease ID
Powdery mildew symptoms
* Rarely kills, reduces vigour, lowers aesthetic.
* Affected parts discoloured and distorted.
* Slow decline of host plant vitality
Disease ID
Id this Disease
What is this disease?
Disease ID
Potato Blight
Symptoms
* Brown freckles or patches on the potato leaves.
* Yellowish border spreading from the brown patches.
* Dark patches on the tubers.
* Inside of the tubers are brown or rotting.
* The potatoes will turn soggy and foul-smelling.
Controls
* Remove all infected leaves and stems.
* Water plants at the base rather than overhead.
* If the infection has spread, cut the foliage and stems.
* Removing foliage prevents the disease from getting into the tubers.
Disease ID
Id this Disease
What is this disease?
Disease ID
Rust
* Basidiomycetes type
* Obligate parasites of vascular plants
* Highly host specific
* High economic costs
* Complex life cycle with multiple hosts and multiple types of spores.
Disease ID
Id this Disease
What is this disease?
Disease ID
Botrytis AKA Grey Mould
* Perhaps the most serious disease of many horticultural crops
* Botrytis cinerea Affects more than 200 dicot plant species and a few monocot plants
* Can infect mature or senescent (dying) tissues
Disease ID
Id this Disease
What is this disease and the controls?
Disease ID
Apple scab control
* Tree pruning - airflow/ventilation
* Resistant Cultivar selection
* Low(er) Nitrogen input
* Removal of plant debris + mulching
* Bio-fungicide use - Gliocladium catenulatum (Prestop 4B)
* Fungicide
Disease ID
Id this Disease
What is this disease and the symptoms?
Disease ID
Botrytis symptoms AKA Grey Mould
* Soft rot
* Collapsed and looking water soaked on soft fruit and leaves
* Brown lesions may develop on undeveloped fruit
* Twigs infected with grey mould will die back
Disease ID
Id this Disease
What is this disease and the symptoms?
Disease ID
Black Spot symptoms
* Dark brown spots with irregular margins
* Leaves turn yellow and fall prematurely
* Can infect young stems too
Disease ID
Id this Disease
What is this disease?
Disease ID
Viral symptoms
* Hellebores black death virus
Disease ID
Id this Disease
What is this disease and the controls?
Disease ID
Black Spot (Rose)
* Buy a modern (resistant) rose!
* Yellow tends to be more susceptible than red/pink roses
* Pick leaves on early signs
* Prune hard in winter and remove!
* Mulch thickly
* Rose clear?
Disease ID
Id this Disease
What is this disease?
Disease ID
Viral symptoms
* Mozaic
Disease ID
Id this Disease
What is this disease and the symptoms?
Disease ID
Viral symptoms
* Mottling
Disease ID
Id this Disease
What is this disease?
Disease ID
Apple Scab Venturia inaequalis
* The most serious fungal disease of Apples in Ireland
Disease ID
Id this Disease
What is this disease and the symptoms?
Disease ID
Rust symptoms
* Rusty, dusty spots on foliage and stems.
* Spores are generally brown but can be white, yellow, orange, purple or black * Depending on stage and time of year
Disease ID
Id this Disease
What is this disease?
Disease ID
Bacterial Canker (Pseuomonas syringae)
Disease ID
Id this Disease
Name some controls.
Disease ID
Viral controls
* No chemical control possible
* If infected, dump them!
Preventative options:
* Control of vectors
* Resistant crops
* Meristem tissue
* Seed
* Exclusion zones (quarantine)
Disease ID
Id this Disease
What is this disease and the controls?
Disease ID
Club Root controls (prevention)
* Grow more resistant cultivars
* Crop rotation
* Good drainage
Disease ID
Id this Disease
What is this disease?
Disease ID
Fire blight
* bacterium Erwinia amylovora
* In Ireland since 1986 * has not become established here.
* Spread from and through flowers * Summer flowering trees like pears are more at risk
* Fear of infecting Hawtorns in hedges
Disease ID
Id this Disease
What is this disease?
Disease ID
Powdery mildew
* Fungus lives mainly on outside of plant
* Small feeder cells will enter plant (Haustoria)
* White mycelium on the leaves, stems, buds etc
* Powdery appearance on top and bottom of leaves
* Cloudy humid conditions
Disease ID
Id this Disease
What is this disease and the controls?
Disease ID
Bacterial Canker control
* Use resistant varieties : E.g. ‘Victoria’- plum very susceptible!
* Careful pruning and staking - Reduce entry points for disease
* Propagate from bacterial free material
* Get from reputable source
* Keep plants dry and in the sun
Disease ID
Id this Disease
What is this disease, it’s type and the symptoms?
Disease ID
Fire blight symptoms
* Bacterium
* Dieback of twigs and branches
* Shrivelling of flowers
* Occurs in warm, moist weather.
* Tissues turn very dark and twigs are crook shaped.
* Notifiable disease! * Report to DAFM * Burn plants
Disease ID
Id this Disease
What is this disease?
Disease ID
Club Root
* Resting spores can live in the soil for up to 20 years!
* Hard to control when established
Disease ID
Id this Disease
What is this disease and the controls?
Disease ID
Botrytis controls AKA Grey Mould
* Lower relative humidity
* Increase airflow
* Removal of organic debris * Leaves, etc.
* Removal of infected plant (parts)
Disease ID
Id this Disease
What is this Disease?
Disease ID
Boot lace fungus
* Dense mass of parallel growing hyphae that are fused together
* It’s a Rhizomorph (parallel-oriented hyphae)
* Infects most woody plants
* Yew is resistant
Disease ID
Id this Disease
What is this disease and the symptoms?
Disease ID
Boot lace fungus symptoms
* Die back of branches
* Death of whole plant in time
* Mycelium between bark and wood mainly at roots
* Becomes bootlace-like in time
* Tan coloured mushrooms in autumn
* Spreads by rhizomorphs through soil to new host
Disease ID
Id this Disease
What is this disease and the symptoms?
Disease ID
Bacterial Canker symptoms
* On leaves shot hole symptoms in late spring
* Shallow depressions in stems with amber coloured gum oozing out.
* Affected branches die back after yellowing or stunting of leaves.
Disease ID
