LO 1.1 - True Bugs Flashcards
Question
What are True Bugs?
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True Bugs
The Hemiptera or true bugs are an order of insects comprising some 50,000 to 80,000 species
All have sucking mouthparts, Many are significant agricultural pests
* Aphids, whiteflies, scale insects, thrips
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Info Graphic
Some True Bugs
Aphids, White Fly, Thrips, Scale Insect, True Bug.
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Some True Bugs
All sucking insects
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Question
What are Aphids?
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Aphid
Insect pest which inphest gardens and makes gardeners phoam at the mouth, stamp their pheet and utter phour-letter words.
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Question
What are Aphids?
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Aphids
* Greenflies or blackflies. - But can have any colour
* Winged or wingless (mainly) - They only develop wings when overpopulated (summer migrants) or to lay eggs for winter
* Can have 1, 2 or many host plants - Many on (food-) crops
* Economically and biologically important - Big pest but basic food source for many too.
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Info Graphic
Aphid anatomy
Can you name some parts?
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Aphid anatomy
* Antenna
* Antellal Tubercle
* Head
* Thorax
* Abdomen
* Cornicle
* Cauda
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Study Card
Aphid Wings
Describe them.
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Aphid Wings
Wings develop on the thorax of some females for summer migration to a new host plant or for winter oviposition.
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Question
What are Cornicles?
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The cornicles are used to emit pheromones or defensive secretions.
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Question
What is the Cauda?
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The cauda is a single āVā shaped structure protruding from the rear end of the aphid.
The longer caudas are used to flick droplets of honeydew away from the aphid as it is excreted. Its length, its width at the base, and the number of setae on it are important features for identifying aphids.
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Question
What are some Aphid problems?
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- Direct feeding - On leaves, stems, buds and roots - Weakens plants.
- Vectors of plant viruses - Giving galling and distortions.,
- Excrete honeydew - encourages sooothy mould.
- Unsightly white casts on plants - skins of aphids after moulting.
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Question
What are one of the causes of Soothy mould?
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Soothy mould is a fungi that consumes the waste of Honeydew-secreting insects like Aphids.
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Question
Why are aphids so prolific?
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Parthenogenetic reproduction
* Literally Virgin + birth so young without fertilisation
* No males needed!
* Young are born alive (no egg stage) (8/day!)
* Nymphs feed as soon as they are born
Short life cycle
* 6-8 days in summer,
* Temperature dependant
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Info Graphic
Aphid Lifecycle
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Aphid Lifecycle
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Question
What are 3 types of Aphid Control?
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Aphid Control
* Cultural - Grow healthy plants, increase biodiversity etc.
* Biological - Many natural predators, Many biological control agents.
* Chemical - Only as a last resort (more later), Integrated crop management.
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Question
Name some Aphid Species.
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Aphids various species:
* Round bodied
* Aphis gossypii
* Myzus persicae
* Elliptical bodied
* Aulacorthum solani
* Macrosiphum euphorbiae
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Info Graphic
Aphid control by predators
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Aphid control by predators
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Questions
What are some Aphid parasitoids?
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Aphid control by parasitoids
Aphidius colemani (for round spp.)
&
Aphidius ervi (for elliptical spp.).
* Lays eggs inside aphid
* Wasp will emerge from golden mummies
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Info Graphic
Aphid control by parasitoids
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Aphid control by parasitoids
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Info Graphic
Enemies and Allies
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Enemies
* Birds
* Beetles
* Lacewings
* Etc.
Allies
* Insects
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