Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

b.PATHOLOGY FINALS / Embryology > LN 05 (Inflammation and Repair) > Flashcards

LN 05 (Inflammation and Repair) Flashcards

1
Q

leucocytes that appear in marginal plasma

A

margination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

leucocytes adhering to walls after margination

A

adherence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

more leucocytes
adhere to the walls until the luminal
surface of the wall become covered
with a layer of leucocytes

A

pavementing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

migration in tissues is accomplished by

A

pseudopodia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What attract the leucocytes to migrate to the injured site are
chemical mediators of inflammation in a process called

A

chemotaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

can move through fibrin and past tissue cells to their destination

A

polymorphs or granulocytes/ neutrophils and eosinophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

chemical messengers that act on vascular endothelia and leucocytes to
contribute to an inflammatory reaction

A

autacoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

may be performed and stored as
granules in cells (e.g., histamine and cationic proteins) or newly synthesized by cells

A

cell or tissue derived

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

three major mediator producing system in plasma

A
  1. coagulation-fibrinolytic
  2. kinin system
  3. complement system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

generated by consequent or multiple enzymic
steps involving sequential activation of molecules by limited proteolysis

A

peptide mediators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

eicosanoids

A

lipid mediators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

derived
from the action of phospholipase to membrane phospholipids through
the arachidonic acid pathways

A

lipid mediators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

2 arachidonic acid pathways

A

lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase
pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

enzymes which activates leukotriene B4

A

hydrolase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

activate leukotriene A4 to B4

A

glutathione transferase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

leukotrine C4 to D4

A

glutamyl transpeptidase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

leukotrine D4 to E4

A

cysteinyl glycinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bradykinin,Prostaglandin E1 and E2, Leukotriene B4, C3 and C5 fragments of
complement, and Thromboxane

A

vasodilators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Histamine, Serotonin, Bradykinin, Kallikrein, Platelet
Activating Factor, Lymphokines, Anaphylatoxin (C3 and C5 fragment of
Complement), Leukotriene B4, C4 and D4, 5-HPTES

A

vasopermeability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

neutrophils mediators

A

C5a fragment of Complement, Leukotriene
B4, Bacterial toxins, and Platelet Aggregating Factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

monocyte and macrophages chemotactic agents

A

e C5a fragment of Complement,
Leukotriene B4, Bacterial toxins, Cationic protein fractions of neutrophils,
Lymphokines, and Fibrin degradation product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

attracts eosinophils

A

chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis (ECF-A) derived from mast cells, and prostaglandin D2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

primarily a clear fluid that is low in protein that
exudes from serosal or mucosal surfaces following mild irritation

A

serous exudates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

initial exudates seen in many
inflammatory reactions, and should neutrophils be present, it imparts a whitish tinge to the exudates.

A

serous exudates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

severe vascular injuries where a fluid rich in fibrinogen is produced

A

fibrinous exudates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

commonly seen in mucosal and serosal
surfaces, most notably in the intestines, pleura, peritoneum, and synovial
membranes

A

fibrinous exudates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

When the body and organ surfaces have fibrinous exudates, the fibrous
organization of the exudates forms

A

adhesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

severe mucosal
damage where the epithelia are lost, the fibrin that accumulates may become
tightly adherent to the underlying tissue forming what is known as

A

diphtheritic
membrane or pseudomembrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

applies to fibrinous
organization of any necrotic exudates on a mucosal surface

A

diphtheric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

solid clumps of long delicate eosinophilic strands

A

fibrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

when sanguineous exudates coupled with a thin fluid where it imparts a red tinge color

A

serosanguineous exudates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

characterized by
the production of pus (suppuration) which is a thick creamy fluid composed of a
large number of viable and dead polymorphs

A

Purulent or Suppurative exudates

33
Q

purulent exudates are semi-solid compared to the fluid nature of the exudates seen in mammals

A

avian species

34
Q

exudates are admixed with mucus

A

mucopurulent

35
Q

exudates admixed with fibrin

A

fibrinopurulent

36
Q

viable collection of pus within
or beneath the epidermis of the skin

A

pustule

37
Q

localized collection of pus, usually confined with a diphtheritic membrane or pyogenic membrane

A

abscess

38
Q

abscess rupture at a surface through a tract called

A

sinus or fistulous tract

39
Q

abscess may spread along fascial planes and subcutaneous tissues and
is called

A

cellulitis or phlegmonous inflammation

40
Q

Pus contained in body cavities

A

empyema

41
Q

occur on mucus membranes and mucosal surfaces of
the alimentary tract, respiratory, and reproductive tract

A

catarrhal exudates

42
Q

principal element of catarrhal exudates

A

mucin

43
Q

life span of neutrophils

A

24-48 hours

44
Q

lysosomal enzymes of neutrophils

A

alkaline phosphatase,
lysozymes, myeloperoxidase,
betaglucoronidase,
alpha-mannosidase and proteinase

45
Q

consistently found in
some granulomas (e.g., eosinophilic
granuloma in cats), in eosinophilic
myositis in dogs, and in the meninges
of pigs in cases of salt poisoning

A

eosinophils

46
Q

circulating form of mast cells, their number in
circulation is very low

A

basophils

47
Q

Play an important role in hypersensitivity
reactions, where they produce histamine

A

basophils

48
Q

more commonly seen in chronic
inflammation, and more importantly in viral infections

A

lymphocytes

49
Q

lymphocytes present in small blood vessels form a cuff called

A

perivascular cuffing

50
Q

Formed from transformed
B-lymphocytes, they produce antibodies
and their presence in an inflammatory site
reflects a subacute or chronic process

A

plasma cells

51
Q

formation of mature plasma cells from
lymphocytes requires about

A

4-5 days

52
Q

circulating form of macrophages

A

monocytes

53
Q

more efficient than polymorphs at phagocytizing fibrin and cellular debris from
the site of inflammation in preparation for repair

A

macrophages

54
Q

plump aggregates of macrophages

A

epithelioid cells

55
Q

multinucleated cells formed by the fusion of macrophages

A

giant cells

56
Q

a large cell with multiple nuclei arranged centrally

A

foreign body giant cell

57
Q

oval in shape with nuclei arranged peripherally in a horseshoe
arrangement

A

langhan’s type giant cell

58
Q

found during repair phase

A

fibroblasts

59
Q

sometimes called exudative inflammation because of
the numerous tissue and plasma factors that pours into the inflammatory site

A

acute inflammation

60
Q

acute lesions classic features

A

hyperemia, fluid
and cellular exudations

61
Q

called proliferative inflammation because it is characterized
by proliferation of cells than exudation of cells and fluid

A

chronic inflammation

62
Q

forms of chronic inflammation

A
  1. Chronic ulceration
  2. Chronic abscessation
  3. chronic granulomatous inflammation
63
Q

small nodular lesions of chronic
inflammation that has a caseous center walled off by epithelioid cells,
macrophages and fibroblasts

A

granuloma

64
Q

lesions are
usually small and surrounded by normal tissue

A

focal

65
Q

lesion is well demarcated

A

discrete

66
Q

lesion blends well with the surrounding normal tissue

A

diffuse focal

67
Q

lesions represent several scattered foci of inflammation

A

multifocal

68
Q

lesion involves a considerable area of tissue within an organ

A

locally extensive

69
Q

inflammatory lesions involve all of the tissue or the
whole organ

A

diffuse

70
Q

example of free radicals

A

singlet oxygen, superoxide, hydrogen anion,
hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals

71
Q

Reactions of body to inflammation

A
  1. Fever
  2. Changes in blood cell composition
  3. Reactive changes in organs and tissues
  4. Changes in circulating enzyme levels
72
Q

rise in body temperature

A

fever/pyrexia

73
Q

increase of leucocyte count

A

leukocytosis

74
Q

bone marrow production is
depressed

A

leucopenia

75
Q

Mediators that attract neutrophils in
an inflammatory response includes

A
  1. C5a fragment of Complement
  2. Leukotriene B4
  3. Bacterial toxins
  4. Platelet Aggregating Factor
76
Q

chemotactic agents acting on monocytes and macrophages include

A
  1. C5a fragment of Complement
  2. Leukotriene B4
  3. Bacterial toxins
  4. Cationic protein fractions of neutrophils,
  5. Lymphokines
  6. Fibrin degradation products
77
Q

Lymphocytes are attracted mainly by

A

lymphokines

78
Q

eosinophils are mainly attracted by?

A

eosinophil-chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis (ECF-A)

79
Q

presence of plasma cells in inflammation reflects?

A

Subacute or chronic process

b.PATHOLOGY FINALS / Embryology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions