Liver toxicity Flashcards
what are the liver functions?
metabolism of toxins,nutrients and drugs
Producing bile
Bilirubin clearance
Producing some plasma proteins,fat carrying proteins
what does the hepatic artery supply the liver with?
oxygen rich blood
what does the hepatic portal vein supply the liver with?
nutrient rich blood
what does the terms inactivity,pharmacological activity and toxicity mean?
Inactivity-chemically altered to be more water soluble
Pharmacological activity-converted into an active substance.
Toxicity-converted to an active substance that can/cannot be detoxified
Give examples of liver injury
Necrosis Steatosis Cholestasis Hepatitis Cirrhosis Cancer
What is necrosis and what causes it?
necrosis is cell death
Cause:lipid peroxidation,disturbance of Ca+2 homeostasis and DNA and protein abduct
what is steatosis?
Accumulation of lipids in the liver
what is cholestasis?
Accumulation of bile in the liver-there is an obstruction
what is cirrohsis?
This the scarring of the liver-so the hepatocytes become scar tissue and then become dead end because the scar tissue doesnt do anything.
How many types of liver cancer are there?
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Cholangiocarcinoma
Liver angiosarcoma
What are some signs and symptoms of liver injury/disease?
Yellowing of skin,yellowing of eyes,fatigue,dark urine ,loss of appetite
What methods of liver diagnosis?
Liver biopsy
Ultraound
How does carbon tertracholride cause toxicity to the liver?
It can cause toxicity and cause necrosis,it can easily inhaled and it compromises the integrity of cell membrane.
What are possible causes of hepatitis?
Paracetamol
Alcohol
carbon tertracholride
PCBs
How does paracetamol cause its toxicity?
The accumulation of paracetamol metabolites NAPQI and this decrease the gluthoine -this leads to more ROS and RNS-causes oxidative stress and also damages the cells.
