Absorption and distribution

Question 1

what is toxicology?

Answer 1

it is the study of toxin and its adverse effects on living organisms

Question 2

what is toxicokinetics?

Answer 2

ADME of toxins-how toxins gain entry into the body and what the body does to the toxins

Question 3

Give some examples of route toxin can gain entry into the body

Answer 3

1) eyes
2) ihalation
3) Transdermal
4) Intravenous
5) ingestion

Question 4

what is bioavalaiblity?

Answer 4

The percentage of drug that reaches the systemic circulation

Question 5

what is first pass metabolism?

Answer 5

it the reduced drug concentration that enters into the systematic circulation because of the metabolism of the drug by the liver

Question 6

Name the different ways toxins can get into the cell membrane

Answer 6

1) Passive diffusion
2) Active transport
3) Facilitated diffusion
4) Endocytosis-phagocytosis and pinocytosis

Question 7

What are the physicochemical properties of a toxin?

Answer 7

1) Lipid solubility
2) Ionzization(if the drug or toxin is ionzied)
3) Partition coefficient
4) molecular weight

Question 8

what happens when an acid drug or toxin is in an acidic environment?

Answer 8

The acid drug or toxin will stay ionised and will be able to permeate the cell membrane.This the acid donate protons and it quickly gets replaced because of it environment.

Question 9

What happens when an acidic drug or toxin is in an alkaline environment?

Answer 9

The drug or toxin will be become ionsized because the protons are not being quickly replaced.

Question 10

what is major site of abosorption in the GI tract?

Answer 10

Small intestines-because of its large surface area -microvilli

Question 11

What can affect the rate of absorption in the lungs?

Answer 11

1) Concentration
2) Diseased tissue
3) Rate of blood flow
4) Rate/how deep you are breathing

Question 12

How can drugs or toxins be absorbed via skin?

Answer 12

1) Drugs can enter hair follicles
2) Sweat glands
3) Sebaceous glands
4) Drugs that are lipid soluble toxin and have low molecular weight

Question 13

Factors affecting rate of absorption (tissue related)

Answer 13

1) number/thickness of cell layers
2) Area of absorbing surface
3) Blood flow
4) Healthy tissue

Question 14

Factors affecting rate absorption(toxicant related)

Answer 14

1) Physicochemical properties
2) Formulation
3) Dose