liver and pancreas anatomy Flashcards
function of liver
many functions such as excretion, detoxification, storage
which side does the liver lie on?
right
2 surfaces of the liver and explain
- diaphragmatic: concave towards viscera (lies against and impressed by the stomach)
- visceral: marked by PORTA of liver
what is the porta of the liver?
where bile duct, portal vein and hepatic vessels enter and leave
Name the lobes of the liver
- quadrate
- right medial
- right lateral
- caudate process of caudate lobe
- papillary process of caudate lobe
- left lateral
- left medial
Name the lobes of the liver
- quadrate
- right medial
- right lateral
- caudate process of caudate lobe
- papillary process of caudate lobe
- left lateral
- left medial
what lobes of the liver do ruminants not have?
left and right later and medial lobes
what lobes of the liver do pigs not have
papillary process
what lobes of liver do horses and rabbits not have?
horses: right later and medial, papillary process
rabbit: right and left medial
describe the position of the liver
- cranial part of the abdomen
- cranial to the liver is diaphragm
- caudal to liver is stomach, intestinal mass and right kidney
location of the liver in dogs
fills space between 7th and 9th ribs
liver biopsy area in dogs
puncture caudal to xiphoid process
location of liver in horses
lies completely within the ribcage caudal margin reaches 15th intercostal pace
liver biopsy area in horses
right side = 12th intercostal space between tuber coxae and point of shoulder
left side= 8th intercostal space at level of deltoid tuberosity
location of liver in cow
reaches dorsally as far as last rib
liver biopsy area in cows
only right side, at 10th intercostal space, quarter way down ribs
each lobe of the liver is covered by what?
serosa: visceral peritoneum
peritoneal folds in the liver have what function?
carries blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics
name the 7 ligament liver attachments
- falciform
- round
- hepatoduodenal
- hepatogastric
- right triangular
- left triangular
- coronary
where is the falciform ligament in the liver
between liver and diaphragm and ventral abdomen wall
where is round ligament in liver and what does it contain
next to the falciform ligament, contains umbilical vein remnants
heptatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligaments are the division of what attachment of the liver
lesser omentum
where is hepatoduodenal ligament
between liver and duodenum
where is hepatogastric ligament
between liver and stomach
where is coronary ligament found in liver
parietal surface, surrounds caudal vena cava and attaches liver to central tendon of the diaphragm
where are right and left triangular ligaments found in he liver
extend dorsal part of liver on each side of diaphragm
liver has dual blood supply, name the 2
- hepatic artery
- hepatic portal vein
what does the heptatic artery carry?
fresh oxygenated blood
what does the hepatic portal vein carry?
nutrient-rich blood from unpaired organs
what is the role of the portal vein in the liver
recieves venous blood from the unpaired oragsn such as stomach, pancreas, intestine , this blood goes into the hepatic portal vein
what vein does all the blood go into in the liver and then where does it go?
central vein of hepatic lobules then into caudal vena cava and to the heart
describe innervation of the liver
-innervated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve
- receives fibres from VAGAL TRUNK and sympathetic AXONS from CELIAC PLEXUS/ganglian
what is the hepatic lobule and what shape is it
anatomic unit of the liver, basic structure. Hexagon
what is at each corner of the hepatic lobule? what is this referred to?
- arteriole from the hepatic artery
- venule from the portal vein
- small bile duct
portal triad
each portal triad can supply blood where?
several adjacent hepatic lobules
describe how the portal triad works
- arteriole and venule empty blood into spongy lobule
- blood capillary beds run between portal triad and the central vein
- the capillary beds carrying the blood are lined with leaky endothelium called LIVER SINUSOIDS
- blood flowing into lobule i drained out via central vein, marking beginning of the drainage circulation via the hepatic vein, caudal vena cava leading to the heart
Describe how the bile duct works in the liver
- bile produced by sheets of HEPATOCYTES
- discharged into BILE CANALIULI
- hepatic duct->cystic duct->bile duct
where is the pancreas located
dorsal part of abdominal cavity, in close contact with stomach and liver
Name the 3 parts of the pancreas
- body
- right lobe
- left lobe
where is the body of the pancreas?
in contact with pylorus
where is the right lobe of the pancreas located?
just inside the mesoduodenum next to descending duodenum
where is the left lobe of the pancreas located?
deep in leaf of greater omentum
bloody supply of the pancreas
coeliac and cranial mesenteric artery
Name the 2 ducts of the pancreas
- pancreatic duct (greater)
- accessory duct (lesser)
where does the pancreatic duct of the pancreas open?
into duodenum together or just beside the bile duct
where does the accessory duct open in the pancreas?
opposite the pancreatic duct
what is the sphincter of oddi?
in odgs, bile ducts enters dueodenum at major duodenum pappila, adjacent to the pancreatic duct. smooth ,muscles fibres surround the 2 ducts s they emerge into the duodenum, this forms the sphinter of oddi
in horses, where does the bile and pancreatic duct open into?
at the bend of the duodenal sigmoid flexure
what duct of the pancreas are pigs missing?
pancreatic
what duct of the pancreas in the sheep missing?
accessory
what duct of the pancreas do dogs and ox sometimes have missing?
pancreatic
