4. Oral cavity- tongue

Question 1

What is the oral cavity ?

Answer 1

Space enclosed by the lips and cheeks, filled with the tongue

Question 2

where is the oral cavity proper?

Answer 2

between teeth, space between lower and upper dental arcades

Question 3

what is the oral vestibule

Answer 3

the space between the teeth and cheeks

Question 4

what muscle are cheeks mainly formed of?

Answer 4

buccinator muscle

Question 5

what do lips bind?

Answer 5

oral tissue

Question 6

how are lips innervated?

Answer 6

innervated by sensory fibres: 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve

Question 7

what minor gland is present in the lips?

Answer 7

labial gland

Question 8

What epithelium lines the lips?

Answer 8

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 9

where is the soft palate found?

Answer 9

The dorsal part of the oral cavity: caudal aspect

Question 10

What does the soft palate do?

Answer 10

closes the nasal passage during swallowing

Question 11

where is the hard palate found?

Answer 11

The dorsal part of the oral cavity: rostral aspect

Question 12

what bones make up the hard palate?

Answer 12

• palatine
• pre maxilla
  -part of maxilla

Question 13

what makes the hard palate protected?

Answer 13

highly keratinised

Question 14

what is found on the hard palate that aids in sense of smell and taste?

Answer 14

incisive pappilae

Question 15

what is the vomeronasal organ responsible for?

Answer 15

semiochemical signal detection (pheromones)

Question 16

where is the vomeronasal organ found?

Answer 16

Close to the vomer, incisive papillae open into the incisive duct that links the mouth with the nasal cavity

Question 17

Where is the tongue located?

Answer 17

Ventral aspect of the oral cavity, attached to the hyoid bone and mandible hence mobile

Question 18

what epithelium covers the tongue?

Answer 18

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 19

What has the surface of the tongue got a large number of?

Answer 19

projections called papillae and taste buds

Question 20

what are marginal papillae only present in?

Answer 20

new-born dogs

Question 21

What Is the Lyssa of the tongue?

Answer 21

Central midline of the tongue consisting of a cord of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue and surrounded by dense connective tissue

Question 22

What is the function of the Lyssa

Answer 22

creates scoop to aid drinking

Question 23

what did the Lyssa create in dogs?

Answer 23

median sulcus

Question 24

what is the torus lingua? which species is it found in?

Answer 24

swelling across the tongue which pushes food against the hard palate: Cattle, goats, alpaca

Question 25

What is the frenulum?

Answer 25

body of the tongue is attached to the floor of the oral cavity by the frenulum

Question 26

what is adjacent, and on each side of the frenulum?

Answer 26

sublingual fold

Question 27

what are the 2 divisions of muscles in the tongue?

Answer 27

intrinsic and extrinsic

Question 28

Intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 28

muscle fibres orientated in 3 directions- longitudinal, transverse and vertical. Forms the tongue proper (curl, groove, bend)

Question 29

what are the 3 extrinsic muscles of the tongue running lateral to medial?

Answer 29

stylo-glossus
hyo-glossus
genio-glossus

Question 30

describe the stylo-glossus muscle of the tongue and its function.

Answer 30

long, thin muscle- retracts and elevates the tongue

Question 31

describe the hyo-glossus muscle of the tongue and its function.

Answer 31

wide and flat muscle- retracts and depresses the tongue

Question 32

describe the genio-glossus muscle of the tongue and its function.

Answer 32

fan-shaped muscle- caudal fibres protrude and rostral ones retracts the apex

Question 32

describe the genio-glossus muscle of the tongue and its function.

Answer 32

fan-shaped muscle- caudal fibres protrude and rostral ones retracts the apex

Question 33

what are the 2 divisions of lingual papillae?

Answer 33

• mechanical
• gustatory

Question 34

what are the 4 mechanical lingual papillae?

Answer 34

• filiform
• conical
• marginal
• lenticular

Question 35

Structure and function of filiform papillae?

Answer 35

hair-like structures on the dorsal surface: grips food e.g cats lapping up milk and eating

Question 36

structure and function of conical papillae?

Answer 36

larger, covers torus lingua. Not found in horses. Provide traction for movement of food

Question 37

Function of marginal papillae

Answer 37

newborn carnivores and piglets, aid in suckling

Question 38

lenticular papillae structure and which species is it found in?

Answer 38

hard and horny due to heavy keratinisation in ox

Question 39

What are the 3 gustatory lingual papillae?

Answer 39

• Fungiform
• Vallate
• Foliate

Question 40

Where are fungiform papillae found and what shape do they have?

Answer 40

among filiform, found on dorsal rostral surface of the tongue, mushroom-shaped

Question 41

where are vallate found on the tongue and what is there structure?

Answer 41

between the body and root of the tongue, large circular projections surrounded by a deep groove

Question 42

Where is foliate papillae found on the tongue and in what species

Answer 42

edges of the tongue, found in horses and pigs, rarely cattle

Question 43

motor innervation of the tongue

Answer 43

hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Question 43

motor innervation of the tongue

Answer 43

hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Question 44

what does damage to the hypoglossal nerve result in?

Answer 44

paralysis of the tongue

Question 45

rostral 2/3 of tongue innervation

Answer 45

sensation = lingual nerve branch of trigeminal nerve ( CN V)
taste = facial nerve (CN VII)