4. GIT tract- species comparison intro

Question 1

what is the digestive system?

Answer 1

organs groups as alimentary canal and accessory organs

Question 2

Where does the alimentary canal run from and to and what are the segments?

Answer 2

Tube from lips to anus
- mouth
- pharynx
- oesophagus
- stomach
- small intestine
- large intestine

Question 3

Name the 3 serous membrane cavities

Answer 3

• thoracic cavity
• abdominal cavity
• body wall enclosing these cavities

Question 4

what facia lines the thoracic cavity?

Answer 4

endothoracic fascia

Question 5

what fascia lines the abdominal cavity?

Answer 5

transversalis fascia

Question 6

what does the body wall enclosing the cavities consist of?

Answer 6

• skin
• double layer fascia ( deep and superficial)
• muscles
• inner fascia

Question 7

what type of serous membrane lines the abdominal cavity?

Answer 7

peritoneum

Question 8

what epithelium makes up the serous membrane?

Answer 8

simple squamous epithelium

Question 9

what is the epithelium of the serous membrane supported by to the underlying fascia?

Answer 9

connective tissue

Question 10

What type of serous membrane lines the wall of the cavity?

Answer 10

parietal serosa

Question 11

What type of serous membrane lines the organs?

Answer 11

visceral serosa

Question 12

What is connecting serosa?

Answer 12

The ends of the serous membrane where it may bunch together slightly at the edges of organs

Question 13

What does the serous membrane produce?

Answer 13

serous fluid (peitoneal fluid)

Question 14

What is the function of serous membranes?

Answer 14

To stop adhesions among organs - smooth, moist so they don’t get stuck and can have free movement

Question 15

What are the 3 types of peritoneum?

Answer 15

Viceral

Parietal

Connective

Question 16

What is connecting peritoneum?

Answer 16

Double layered serosa connecting 2 peritoneum

Question 17

What does the connecting peritoneum mostly connect?

Answer 17

Visceral and parietal peritoneum

Question 18

What is connecting peritoneum also called depending on the area it is in?

Answer 18

mesentery

ligament

omenta

fold

Question 19

What is the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 19

The cavity containing the organs in the abdomen

Question 20

What is mesentery (connecting peritoneum)?

Answer 20

Connecting peritoneum between intestinal and reproductive tracts to the abdominal wall

Question 21

What is ligament (connecting peritoneum)?

Answer 21

Connecting peritoneum between visceral and parietal peritoneum or between 2 visceral peritoneum

Question 22

What is fold (connecting peritoneum)?

Answer 22

Connecting peritoneum between 2 visceral peritoneum

Question 23

What is omenta (omentum) (connecting peritoneum)?

Answer 23

Connecting peritoneum between the stomach and abdominal organs or abdominal wall

Question 24

What is the alimentary tract

Answer 24

Digestive tract from larynx/oesophagus to anus

Question 25

Name the 4 layers of the alimentary tract

Answer 25

Tunica mucosa

Tunica submucosa

Tunica muscularis

Tunica serosa/adventitia

Question 26

What/where is the tunica mucosa?

Answer 26

Next to the lumen, protected by a layer of mucous

Question 27

What is the tunica submucosa?

Answer 27

dense connective tissue that may contain submucosal glands

e.g. blood, lymph vessels and Meissner’s plexus (ANS)

Question 28

What is the tunica muscularis?

Answer 28

Smooth or skeletal muscle.

Inner layers orientated circularly, outer layers orientated longitudinally

Nerve plexus: myenteric (Auerbach’s) plexus (ANS)

Question 29

What is the tunica serosa/adventitia?

Answer 29

Loose connective tissue. Special name for serosa: pleura, peritoneum etc

Question 30

What is a plexus?

Answer 30

A network of nerves

Question 31

What are the 3 layers within the tunica mucosa layer of the alimentary tract?

Answer 31

Laminae epithelialis mucosa

Lamina propria mucosa

Lamina muscularis mucosae

Question 32

Describe the laminae epithelialis mucosa layer of the tunica mucosa

Answer 32

Surface epithelium resting on a basal membrane

Question 33

Describe the lamina propria mucosa layer of the tunica mucosa

Answer 33

Layer of connective tissue (collagen, elastic and reticular fibres) immediately beneath the epithelium. There are mucosal glands, blood vessels and lymphoid structures

Question 34

Describe the lamina muscularis mucosae layer of the tunica mucosa

Answer 34

Thin layers of smooth muscle, but not always present.

Question 35

What is the difference between the tunica serosa/adventitia?

Answer 35

If organ is surrounded by other tissues, called tunica adventitia

If organ is suspended in the body cavity, called tunica serosa

Question 36

What is tunica serosa covered with?

Answer 36

Simple squamous epithelium which is called mesothelium

Question 37

Name the 3 regions of the oesophagus

Answer 37

Cervical

Thoracic

Abdominal

Question 38

List the 4 layers of the oesophagus

Answer 38

Mucosa

Submucosa

Muscularis

Adventitia/serosa

Question 39

is it tunica adventiva or serosa in the:
- cervical oesophageal region
- thoracic oesophageal region?

Answer 39

adventivia in cervical
serosa in thorax

Question 40

what cells line the oesophagus?

Answer 40

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 41

where does the oesophagus start and end?

Answer 41

pharanx to stomach

Question 42

species differences of tunica muscularis of the oesohphagus?

Answer 42

• ruminants and dogs it i entirely skeletal muscle
• humans and chickens it is entirely smooth muscle
• hore and cat, distal third is smooth muscle, rest is skeletal