Liver and Gallbladder structure and function

Question 1

Name the four lobes of the liver

Answer 1

Left, right, quadrate and caudate

Question 2

What structures are found at the porta pf the liver ?

Answer 2

The hepatic artery, hepatic vein and the hepatic duct

Question 3

Where is the porta found on the liver ?

Answer 3

On the posterior surface of the liver

Question 4

What type of capillaries are found within the liver and why ?

Answer 4

Fenestrated and they are required to be fenestrated so that they can process blood

Question 5

What is the liver covered by ?

Answer 5

A connective tissue capsule

Question 6

The bare area of the liver is found where ?

Answer 6

On the diaphragmatic surface of the liver

Question 7

The septa within the liver eventually divide into what ?

Answer 7

Hexagonal lobules

Question 8

What is found at the corner of each hexagonal lobule ?

Answer 8

A portal triad (hepatic vein, artery and duct)

Question 9

What is found at the centre of these hexagonal lobules within the liver ?

Answer 9

Central vein

Question 10

What radiate from the central veins inside these hexagonal lobules and what are they made of ?

Answer 10

Hepatic cords and they are composed of hepatocytes

Question 11

Where are hepatic sinusoids found ?

Answer 11

Between the hepatic cords

Question 12

What kind of blood is brought from the alimentary canal & what part of the triad does it drain into ?

Answer 12

Nutrient rich and O2 depleted blood will drain into the hepatic portal vein

Question 13

What kind of blood drains from the lungs to the liver and what part of the triad will it drain into ?

Answer 13

O2 rich and Nutrient depleted blood will drain into the hepatic artery

Question 14

The hepatic vein & artery drain into what ?

Answer 14

The hepatic sinusoids (channels to the central vein)

Question 15

Name the 3 layers of the wall of the gallbladder

Answer 15

The mucosa, the muscularis and the serosa

Question 16

What is released in response to fat in the duodenum ?

Answer 16

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 17

What effect does CCK have on the hepatobiliary system ?

Answer 17

The sphincter of oddi relaxes and the gallbladder contracts also causes pancreatic enzyme secretion. Also decreases gastric emptying.

Question 18

What is released in response to acid in the duodenum ?

Answer 18

Secretin

Question 19

What effect does secretin have on the hepatobiliary system ?

Answer 19

Decreases gastric acid secretion
Decreases gastric emptying
Increases Bicarbonate secretion from the duodenum, the pancreas & the bile duct.

Question 20

Name the 6 components of bile

Answer 20

Bile acids
Lecithin
Cholesterol
Bile pigments 
Toxic Metals
Bicarbonate

Question 21

What 3 components of bile are synthesised in the liver ?

Answer 21

Bile acids, lecithin and cholesterol

Question 22

Where do bile pigments come from ?

Answer 22

Bilirubin (Breakdown of haemoglobin)

Question 23

What is used to neutralise acid chyme ?

Answer 23

Bicarbonate

Question 24

What is the only component of bile that is not secreted by hepatocytes ?

Answer 24

Bicarbonate

Question 25

HCO3 is secreted by what ?

Answer 25

Duct cells

Question 26

Where are bile acids synthesised and what are they made of ?

Answer 26

Synthesised in the liver from cholesterol