Liver and Gallbladder structure and function Flashcards
Name the four lobes of the liver
Left, right, quadrate and caudate
What structures are found at the porta pf the liver ?
The hepatic artery, hepatic vein and the hepatic duct
Where is the porta found on the liver ?
On the posterior surface of the liver
What type of capillaries are found within the liver and why ?
Fenestrated and they are required to be fenestrated so that they can process blood
What is the liver covered by ?
A connective tissue capsule
The bare area of the liver is found where ?
On the diaphragmatic surface of the liver
The septa within the liver eventually divide into what ?
Hexagonal lobules
What is found at the corner of each hexagonal lobule ?
A portal triad (hepatic vein, artery and duct)
What is found at the centre of these hexagonal lobules within the liver ?
Central vein
What radiate from the central veins inside these hexagonal lobules and what are they made of ?
Hepatic cords and they are composed of hepatocytes
Where are hepatic sinusoids found ?
Between the hepatic cords
What kind of blood is brought from the alimentary canal & what part of the triad does it drain into ?
Nutrient rich and O2 depleted blood will drain into the hepatic portal vein
What kind of blood drains from the lungs to the liver and what part of the triad will it drain into ?
O2 rich and Nutrient depleted blood will drain into the hepatic artery
The hepatic vein & artery drain into what ?
The hepatic sinusoids (channels to the central vein)
Name the 3 layers of the wall of the gallbladder
The mucosa, the muscularis and the serosa
What is released in response to fat in the duodenum ?
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
What effect does CCK have on the hepatobiliary system ?
The sphincter of oddi relaxes and the gallbladder contracts also causes pancreatic enzyme secretion. Also decreases gastric emptying.
What is released in response to acid in the duodenum ?
Secretin
What effect does secretin have on the hepatobiliary system ?
Decreases gastric acid secretion
Decreases gastric emptying
Increases Bicarbonate secretion from the duodenum, the pancreas & the bile duct.
Name the 6 components of bile
Bile acids Lecithin Cholesterol Bile pigments Toxic Metals Bicarbonate
What 3 components of bile are synthesised in the liver ?
Bile acids, lecithin and cholesterol
Where do bile pigments come from ?
Bilirubin (Breakdown of haemoglobin)
What is used to neutralise acid chyme ?
Bicarbonate
What is the only component of bile that is not secreted by hepatocytes ?
Bicarbonate
HCO3 is secreted by what ?
Duct cells
Where are bile acids synthesised and what are they made of ?
Synthesised in the liver from cholesterol
