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Systems: The Alimentary System > Alimentary System Anatomy Class 1 > Flashcards

Alimentary System Anatomy Class 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Which ribs make up the costal margin ?

A

7-10

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2
Q

At which vertebral level is the xiphoid process found ?

A

T9/T10

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3
Q

Vertebral level of the illiac crest ?

A

L4

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4
Q

What are the 4 quadrants that physicians section the abdomen into ?

A

Upper right quadrant
Upper left quadrant
Lower right quadrant
Lower left quadrant

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5
Q

What are the 9 areas of the abdomen medically speaking ?

A 
Right hypochondrium
Left hypochondrium
Epigastrum
Right lumbar
Left lumbar
Umbillicus
Right illiac fossa
Left illiac fossa
Hypogastrium
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6
Q

What imaginary line separates the hypochondrial areas from the umbilicus ?

A

Sub-costal line (10th costal cartilage)

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7
Q

Which imaginary line separates the umbilicus and lumbar regions from the hypogastrium ?

A

Trans-tubercular plane (two tubercles of the illiac crest)

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8
Q

Which important artery and organ is found along the sub-costal plane ?

A

Origin of the inferior mesenteric artery and 3rd part of the duodenum

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9
Q

Which important confluence is found along the Trans-tubercular plane ?

A

L5: The confluence of the common illiac veins (IVC origin)

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10
Q

Name the muscles of the anterio-lateral abdominal wall

A

External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis
Rectus Abdominis

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11
Q

What is the action(s) of the External Oblique muscles ?

A

To compress and support abdominal viscera and to allow flexion and rotation

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12
Q

What is the action(s) of the Internal oblique ?

A

To compress and support the abdominal viscera, allows rotation and assists in forced respiration

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13
Q

What is the action(s) of the Transversus Abdominis ?

A

Compresses and supports abdominal viscera and also supports the body when squatting or when in a bent over position.

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14
Q

What is the action(s) of the Rectus Abdominis ?

A

Flexion of the trunk and lumbar spine

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15
Q

What is the innervation of the External Oblique muscles ?

A

The anterior rami of T7-T11 and subcostal nerves

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16
Q

What is the innervation of the Internal Oblique muscles ?

A

Anterior rami of T7-T11, subcostal nerves and the first lumbar nerve.

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17
Q

What is the innervation of the Transversus Abdominis muscles ?

A

The lovwer costal nerves and also spinal nerve roots T7-T11 (anterior rami)

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18
Q

What is the innervation of the Rectus Abdominis muscle ?

A

The lower 6 thoracic nerves

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19
Q

What is the difference between the rectus sheath above and below the umbilicus ?

A

The rectus sheath is not present below the umbilicus

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20
Q

What is the rectus sheath formed by ?

A

The aponeurosis of the transversus Abdominis and the internal and external oblique muscles.

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21
Q

The linea alba is composed of what kind of tissue ?

A

Collagen and connective tissue and is formed by the fusion of the aponeurosis and the abdominal muscles.

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22
Q

At what vertebral level is the umbilicus ?

A

Between L3 and L4

23
Q

What is a Dermatome ?

A

A dermatome is an area of skin that is mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve

24
Q

The inguinal canal is formed from ___

A

Layers of the abdominal wall pushing through the abdominal wall obliquely, thus forming a canal.

25
Q

The inguinal canal lies parallel to what structure ?

A

The inguinal ligamnet

26
Q

What are the attachments of the inguinal ligament ?

A

The illiac crest and the pubic tubercle

27
Q

What are the 2 openings of the inguinal canal ?

A

The internal (deep) inguinal ring and the external (superficial) inguinal ring

28
Q

What are the boundaries of the inguinal canal, posterior, anterior, inferior and superior.

A

Anterior wall: Internal oblique muscle laterally and aponeurosis of the external oblique.
Posterior wall: Transversalis Fascia
Superior (roof): Internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles.
Inferior (floor): Inguinal Ligament and lacunar ligament (medially)

29
Q

What are the contents of the inguinal canal in males ?

A

The spermatic cord
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
Ilioinguinal nerve (branch of L1 nerve)
Testes

30
Q

What are the contents of the inguinal canal in females ?

A 
The round ligament 
genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
ilioinguinal nerve (branch of L1 nerve)
Ovaries
Uterus
31
Q

What is the name of the layer that covers the testes ?

A

Tunica Vaginalis

32
Q

From which artery does the inferior Epigastric artery arise and with what other artery does it anastamose ?

A

External illiac artery and superior Epigastric artery

33
Q

What are the 4 Functional Layers of the GI tract histalogically speaking ?

A

1: Mucosa
2: Submucosa
3: Muscularis Propria
4: Serosa

34
Q

What is the surface marking of the liver?

A

Ribs 7-11 on the right side

35
Q

What is the surface marking of the gallbladder?

A

9th costal cartilage - Trans-pyloric plane

36
Q

What is the surface marking of the spleen?

A

Ribs 9-11 left side

37
Q

At what vertebral level is the sphincter of oddi found?

A

L2/3

38
Q

At what vertebral levels do the kidneys sit?

A

T12-L3

39
Q

At what vertebral level is the xiphoid process?

A

T9

40
Q

At what vertebral level is the jugular notch?

A

T2

41
Q

At what vertebral level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into the 2 common illiac vessels?

A

L4/5

42
Q

What are the 3 oesophageal constrictions?

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Diaphragmatic

43
Q

Which artery supplies the abdominal part of the esophagus ?

A

Branches of the left gastric artery

44
Q

What is the venous drainage of the abdominal esophagus ?

A

Azygous vein and posterior intercostal veins

45
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the abdominal esophagus?

A

The lymphatic drainage will follow the left gastric artery to the celiac lymph nodes

46
Q

All 4 of the primary gastric groups of nodes eventually drain into which main group of nodes?

A

Celiac nodes

47
Q

Gastric carcinoma is most common along which part of the stomach?

A

Greater curvature

48
Q

Increased vagal stimulation of the pylorus will have what effect?

A

Increase pyloric opening and therefore will promote gastric emptying

49
Q

A Vagotomy will denervate which parts of the stomach ?

A

Fundus and the body

50
Q

A vagotomy spares supply to which part of the stomach?

A

Antrum - preserving gastric motility

51
Q

Where is the foregut/midgut boundry ?

A

The middle of the duodenum

52
Q

Which part of the colon are intraperitoneal and which parts are retroperitonised?

A 
Intraperitoneal = Transverse colon
Retroperitoneal = Ascendng and descending colon
53
Q

what is the pectinate line with regards to the rectum?

A

Where there is separation of the innervation of the rectum, visceral and parietal

Systems: The Alimentary System (16 decks)

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