list 6 7 8

Question 1

What were the two ethnocentric attitudes of Anthropologists towards the religion of the “other” in the late 19th and early 20th century?

Answer 1

1. Social darwinism
2. Science

Question 2

According to Durkheim what three things occur in the reality of the Sacred?

Answer 2

1. Ordinary objects become symbols
2. Ordinary acts become rituals
3. People feel part of something larger than their everyday world (emotional transcendence)

Question 3

What are the three essential elements which define the sacred?

Answer 3

1. Supernatural reality
2. Has power
3. We can access that power

Question 4

For those who believe, what are four main contributions created by the interactions between the Sacred and Profane.

Answer 4

1. Meaning of life
2. Explanation of reality
3. Control over that which we have no control
4. Unity (social networks)

Question 5

What are the three stages of a Creation Myth?

Answer 5

1. Time before time
2. Time of creation and perfection (primeval reality)
3. Time of corruption and the end of time

Question 6

What are the three things a creation myth tells us about a culture?

Answer 6

1. Our core values
2. Relationship between the sacred and profane
3. Our deepest hopes and fears

Question 7

What are three examples of primeval reality?

Answer 7

1. Classical greeks = golden age
2. Christianity = the garden of eden
3. Australian aborigines = the dreaming

Question 8

What are the two versions of the end of time?

Answer 8

1. Cyclic time
2. The end of time

Question 9

What are six rational reasons for the end of time, humanity, civilization etc.?

Answer 9

1. Nuclear war
2. Environmental catastrophe
3. Meteor
4. Global economic collapse
5. Pandemic
6. Artificial intelligence

Question 10

What four important social functions to ceremonies perform?

Answer 10

1. Mark passage of time
2. To mark important events (holidays)
3. Create and maintain group identity
4. Restore normalcy in time of crisis

Question 11

What are the four elements by which ceremonies are bound?

Answer 11

1. Time
2. Ritual
3. Symbol
4. Myth

Question 12

3 stages of a rite of passage

Answer 12

Separation
Transition
Reaggregation

Question 13

What are the three reasons why anthropologists study funeral ceremonies and rituals?

Answer 13

• Universal
• Tell us about the living (the core values)
• Death is what connects the reality of the everyday to the reality of the sacred

Question 14

Describe 4 ways that the treatment of the dead has changed recently in the U.S. and why.

Answer 14

1. Roadside memorials
2. Disinterment
3. Cemetery memorials
4. Burial artifacts

Question 15

What are two links between between anthropology and the dead other?

Answer 15

1) Creation of the dead other
2) Eliminate dead other

Question 16

Describe the two reasons why it has been difficult to achieve the goals of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act.

Answer 16

1. Large number of things taken, couldn’t be tracked
2. Only covers places where there is Proof of Possesion (colleges, institutions, etc.), wealthy private collections not included in this, if no proof can’t enforce getting it back

Question 17

What are the four forms of Anthropophagy? Be able to give an example of each.

Answer 17

1. Psychopathic Cannibalism: Eat people because they are insane
2. Survival Cannibalism: Last resort, if you don’t consume humans you will die.
3. Ritual Cannibalism: Consume parts of dead in order to be connected to dead.
4. Dietary Cannibalism: Eat people as part of diet.