article review 3 and 4 Flashcards
THE MEASURE OF AMERICA Where did the world’s columbian exposition take place? What was it meant to commemorate?
Chicago; 400th anniversary of Columbus’ discovery of America
THE MEASURE OF AMERICA What did Samuel Morton believe about race?
Whites + Negros belonged to different species
THE MEASURE OF AMERICA What did Josiah Nott believe about slavery?
He believed slavery saved negros from reverting back to their original barbaric state.
THE MEASURE OF AMERICA What did the Plessy v. Ferguson decision establish?
“Separate but equal” as the law of the land
What famous museum did Fraanz Boas work for beginning in 1896?
American Museum of Natural History NY
ABUSES ALLEGED AT MISSIONARY SCHOOLS Where is the Rosebud reservation?
south dakota
ABUSES ALLEGED AT MISSIONARY SCHOOLS When were the boarding schools for native americans established? Why?
1970s to feed/educate native american kids
ABUSES ALLEGED AT MISSIONARY SCHOOLS
According to Kevin Grover, the Bureau of Indian Affairs sought to do what?
Destroy all things indian
ABUSES ALLEGED AT MISSIONARY SCHOOLS
Which schools were “actually worse” than the federally run schools?
Catholic schools
APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY AND TRIBAL PEOPLES
According to Colonel A.H. Lane-Fox Pitt-Rivers, what are the two practical and humanitarian aspects of anthropological knowledge?
- How to salvage the ethnographic data that were being destroyed by colonial expansion
- How to increase the practical value of anthropology for the empire
APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY AND TRIBAL PEOPLES C.H. Read believed that anthropological knowledge could be useful in aiding what?
Private enterprise (great trading/colonization companies)
APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY AND TRIBAL PEOPLES What was the real native problem?
Political domination and economic exploitation that occurred as European powers forced much of Africa into the capitalist global system
APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY AND TRIBAL PEOPLES What is indirect rule? Why was it preferred over direct rule?
Indirect rule is the situation in which European colonial administrators appointed local natives to serve as mediating officials to help them control local communities. It was preferred over direct rule to maintain political control.
REPORT DETAILS ABDUCTIONS OF CHILDREN OF ABORIGINES Why were 10000 aboriginal children taken from their families between 1910 and 1970?
Because of the misguided belief that Aborigines were doomed and saving the children was the only humane alternative
REPORT DETAILS ABDUCTIONS OF CHILDREN OF ABORIGINES
What term did the United Nations use to describe the policy of the Australian government?
Genocide
REPORT DETAILS ABDUCTIONS OF CHILDREN OF ABORIGINES
What recommendation made by the UN did the Australian government refuse to follow?
That a tribunal be set up to assess compensation payments for the stolen children
REPORT DETAILS ABDUCTIONS OF CHILDREN OF ABORIGINES
What four physical and emotional effects did Aboriginal suffer due to these policies?
Grew up in a hostile environment, suffered insecurity, had difficulty bringing up their own children, lack of self esteem
FROM THE ARTICLE, “6 MILLION YEARS OF HUMANITY”
In Descent of Man what did Darwin realize?
Many similarities between humans, apes, and gorillas can be explained by a common biological ancestor.
FROM THE ARTICLE, “6 MILLION YEARS OF HUMANITY” What three things do most scholars credit for our success in colonizing new regions?
- Technological progress
- Communication through complex languages
- Transmission of new ideas through social learning
FROM THE ARTICLE, “THE CULTURAL CONSTRUCTION OF RACE”
What do most people believe about “race”?
They believe it’s an objective, natural category where individuals with certain physical characteristics can be placed.
FROM THE ARTICLE, “THE CULTURAL CONSTRUCTION OF RACE” What do most anthropologists know about “race”?
They believe its a social construct rather than a biological reality.
FROM THE ARTICLE, “THE CULTURAL CONSTRUCTION OF RACE” What are the three reasons that cast doubt that races are objectively definable biological groups?
- Genetic studies show that the genetic variation within a given race far exceeds the variation between races
- Most differences that we attribute to race are only skin deep
- The sets of traits we use to define races lead to one kind of racial classification, but we would have a different classification if we used different traits
FROM THE ARTICLE, “THE CULTURAL CONSTRUCTION OF RACE” What are three reasons why it matters that we understand that race is a cultural construction?
- Racial terms carry connotations
- Helps us avoid confusing “race” with differences that have nothing to do with physical differences
- It’s an important part of a person’s social identity
FROM THE ARTICLE, “AAA STATEMENT ON RACE”
What has maintained all of humankind as a single species?
The continued sharing of genetic material
FROM THE ARTICLE, “AAA STATEMENT ON RACE” What was the “Great Chain of Being”?
An ancient theorem that set natural categories on a hierarchy established by god/nature
FROM THE ARTICLE, “AAA STATEMENT ON RACE” To which “logical end” did the Nazis use the ideology of race?
Extermination of 11 million inferior racial people and other brutalities of the Holocaust
FROM THE ARTICLE, “AAA STATEMENT ON RACE” Anthropologists argue that present day inequalities between so called racial groups are products of what?
historical, contemporary social, economic, educational, and political circumstances.
