article review 3 and 4

Question 1

THE MEASURE OF AMERICA Where did the world’s columbian exposition take place? What was it meant to commemorate?

Answer 1

Chicago; 400th anniversary of Columbus’ discovery of America

Question 2

THE MEASURE OF AMERICA What did Samuel Morton believe about race?

Answer 2

Whites + Negros belonged to different species

Question 3

THE MEASURE OF AMERICA What did Josiah Nott believe about slavery?

Answer 3

He believed slavery saved negros from reverting back to their original barbaric state.

Question 4

THE MEASURE OF AMERICA What did the Plessy v. Ferguson decision establish?

Answer 4

“Separate but equal” as the law of the land

Question 5

What famous museum did Fraanz Boas work for beginning in 1896?

Answer 5

American Museum of Natural History NY

Question 6

ABUSES ALLEGED AT MISSIONARY SCHOOLS Where is the Rosebud reservation?

Answer 6

south dakota

Question 7

ABUSES ALLEGED AT MISSIONARY SCHOOLS When were the boarding schools for native americans established? Why?

Answer 7

1970s to feed/educate native american kids

Question 8

ABUSES ALLEGED AT MISSIONARY SCHOOLS
According to Kevin Grover, the Bureau of Indian Affairs sought to do what?

Answer 8

Destroy all things indian

Question 9

ABUSES ALLEGED AT MISSIONARY SCHOOLS
Which schools were “actually worse” than the federally run schools?

Answer 9

Catholic schools

Question 10

APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY AND TRIBAL PEOPLES
According to Colonel A.H. Lane-Fox Pitt-Rivers, what are the two practical and humanitarian aspects of anthropological knowledge?

Answer 10

1. How to salvage the ethnographic data that were being destroyed by colonial expansion
2. How to increase the practical value of anthropology for the empire

Question 11

APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY AND TRIBAL PEOPLES C.H. Read believed that anthropological knowledge could be useful in aiding what?

Answer 11

Private enterprise (great trading/colonization companies)

Question 12

APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY AND TRIBAL PEOPLES What was the real native problem?

Answer 12

Political domination and economic exploitation that occurred as European powers forced much of Africa into the capitalist global system

Question 13

APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY AND TRIBAL PEOPLES What is indirect rule? Why was it preferred over direct rule?

Answer 13

Indirect rule is the situation in which European colonial administrators appointed local natives to serve as mediating officials to help them control local communities. It was preferred over direct rule to maintain political control.

Question 14

REPORT DETAILS ABDUCTIONS OF CHILDREN OF ABORIGINES Why were 10000 aboriginal children taken from their families between 1910 and 1970?

Answer 14

Because of the misguided belief that Aborigines were doomed and saving the children was the only humane alternative

Question 15

REPORT DETAILS ABDUCTIONS OF CHILDREN OF ABORIGINES
What term did the United Nations use to describe the policy of the Australian government?

Answer 15

Genocide

Question 16

REPORT DETAILS ABDUCTIONS OF CHILDREN OF ABORIGINES
What recommendation made by the UN did the Australian government refuse to follow?

Answer 16

That a tribunal be set up to assess compensation payments for the stolen children

Question 17

REPORT DETAILS ABDUCTIONS OF CHILDREN OF ABORIGINES
What four physical and emotional effects did Aboriginal suffer due to these policies?

Answer 17

Grew up in a hostile environment, suffered insecurity, had difficulty bringing up their own children, lack of self esteem

Question 18

FROM THE ARTICLE, “6 MILLION YEARS OF HUMANITY”
In Descent of Man what did Darwin realize?

Answer 18

Many similarities between humans, apes, and gorillas can be explained by a common biological ancestor.

Question 19

FROM THE ARTICLE, “6 MILLION YEARS OF HUMANITY” What three things do most scholars credit for our success in colonizing new regions?

Answer 19

• Technological progress
• Communication through complex languages
• Transmission of new ideas through social learning

Question 20

FROM THE ARTICLE, “THE CULTURAL CONSTRUCTION OF RACE”
What do most people believe about “race”?

Answer 20

They believe it’s an objective, natural category where individuals with certain physical characteristics can be placed.

Question 21

FROM THE ARTICLE, “THE CULTURAL CONSTRUCTION OF RACE” What do most anthropologists know about “race”?

Answer 21

They believe its a social construct rather than a biological reality.

Question 22

FROM THE ARTICLE, “THE CULTURAL CONSTRUCTION OF RACE” What are the three reasons that cast doubt that races are objectively definable biological groups?

Answer 22

• Genetic studies show that the genetic variation within a given race far exceeds the variation between races
• Most differences that we attribute to race are only skin deep
• The sets of traits we use to define races lead to one kind of racial classification, but we would have a different classification if we used different traits

Question 23

FROM THE ARTICLE, “THE CULTURAL CONSTRUCTION OF RACE” What are three reasons why it matters that we understand that race is a cultural construction?

Answer 23

• Racial terms carry connotations
• Helps us avoid confusing “race” with differences that have nothing to do with physical differences
• It’s an important part of a person’s social identity

Question 24

FROM THE ARTICLE, “AAA STATEMENT ON RACE”
What has maintained all of humankind as a single species?

Answer 24

The continued sharing of genetic material

Question 25

FROM THE ARTICLE, “AAA STATEMENT ON RACE” What was the “Great Chain of Being”?

Answer 25

An ancient theorem that set natural categories on a hierarchy established by god/nature

Question 26

FROM THE ARTICLE, “AAA STATEMENT ON RACE” To which “logical end” did the Nazis use the ideology of race?

Answer 26

Extermination of 11 million inferior racial people and other brutalities of the Holocaust

Question 27

FROM THE ARTICLE, “AAA STATEMENT ON RACE” Anthropologists argue that present day inequalities between so called racial groups are products of what?

Answer 27

historical, contemporary social, economic, educational, and political circumstances.