Lipids II Flashcards
synthesized : ovaries and the placenta
PROGESTINS
Prepare the lining of the uterus for implantation of the fertilized ovum. They also suppress ovulation.
PROGESTINS
properly regulate the menstrual cycle and treat unusual stopping of the menstrual periods (amenorrhea)
PROGESTINS
To help a pregnancy occur
PROGESTINS
To prevent estrogen from thickening the lining of the uterus (endometrial hyperplasia) in women with HRT
PROGESTINS
To treat pain that is related to endometriosis and to treat loss of appetite and severe weight or muscle loss in patients with AIDS or cancer
PROGESTINS
used to suppress ovulation as a method of birth control
ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE PILLS
include the illegal steroid drugs used by some athletes to build up muscle strength and enhance endurance
ANABOLIC STEROIDS or ANABOLIC-ANDROGENIC STEROIDS
is the familiar name for synthetic substances related to the male sex hormones (e.g., testosterone). They promote the growth of skeletal muscle (anabolic effects) and the development of male sexual characteristics (androgenic effects) in both males and females.
ANABOLIC STEROIDS or ANABOLIC-ANDROGENIC STEROIDS
abnormal development of mammary glands in men causing breast enlargement)
Gynecomastia
absence of sperm in semen
Azoospermia
2 types of Adrenocorticoid Hormones
- Mineralocorticoids
- Glucocorticoids
ADRENOCORTICOID HORMONE:
control the balance of Na+ and K+ ions in cells and body fluids.
Mineralocorticoids
ADRENOCORTICOID HORMONE:
control glucose metabolism and counteract inflammation.
Glucocorticoids
A natural hormone, which is a mineralocorticoid.
Aldosterone
A natural hormone, which is a glucocorticoid.
Cortisol
A synthetic steroid, which is an anti-inflammatory drug
Cortisone and Prednisolone
corticosteroid hormone, which is synthesized by the adrenal cortex.
Mineralocorticoids
the main mineralocorticoid, is necessary for regulation of salt and water in the body
ALDOSTERONE
acts on the kidneys to provide active reabsorption of sodium and an associated passive reabsorption of water, as well as, the active secretion of potassium in the principle cells of the cortical collecting tubule. This in turn results in an increase of blood pressure and blood volume.
ALDOSTERONE
is a steroid hormone, in the glucocorticoid class of hormones, and is produced in humans by the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex within the adrenal gland.
Cortisol
It is released in response to stress and low blood-glucose concentration
Cortisol
It functions to increase blood sugar through gluconeogenesis, to suppress the immune system, and to aid in the metabolism of fat, protein, and carbohydrates. It also decreases bone formation.
Cortisol
is an oxygenated C20 fatty acid derivative that functions as a messenger lipid
Eicosanoids
metabolic precursor for most eicosanoids is ______ acid, the 20:4 fatty acid.
arachidonic
are “hormonelike” molecules rather than true hormones because they are not transported in the bloodstream to their site of action as true hormones are.
EICOSANOIDS
MAJOR TYPES OF EICOSANOIDS:
including raising body temperature, inhibiting the secretion of gastric juices, increasing the secretion of a protective mucus layer into the stomach, relaxing and contracting smooth muscle, directing water and electrolyte balance, Intensifying pain, and enhancing inflammation responses.
Prostaglandins
MAJOR TYPES OF EICOSANOIDS:
is a messenger lipid that is a C20-fatty-acid derivative that contains a cyclic ether ring and oxygen-containing functional groups.
Thromboxanes
MAJOR TYPES OF EICOSANOIDS:
are produced by blood platelets and promote platelet aggregation
Thromboxanes
MAJOR TYPES OF EICOSANOIDS:
FUNCTIONS
* to promote the formation of blood clots.
Thromboxanes
MAJOR TYPES OF EICOSANOIDS:
is a messenger lipid that is a C20-fatty-acid derivative that contains three conjugated double bonds and hydroxy groups.
Leukotrienes
MAJOR TYPES OF EICOSANOIDS:
found in leukocytes (white blood cells).
Leukotrienes
MAJOR TYPES OF EICOSANOIDS:
FUNCTIONS
* Various inflammatory and hypersensitivity (allergy) responses
Leukotrienes
is a lipid that is a monoester of a long-chain fatty acid and a long chain alcohol
biological wax
are monoesters, unlike fats and oils which are triesters.
biological wax
fatty acids found in biological waxes generally are saturated and contain from ______ carbon atoms
14 to 36
Functions: ▪ water-repellent ▪ to protect hair and skin and to keep it pliable and lubricated ▪ for plant leaves, to prevent excessive evaporation of water and to protect against parasite attack
biological wax
