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BIO 024: Biochemistry > Enzymes PPT based (Part II) > Flashcards

Enzymes PPT based (Part II) Flashcards

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1
Q

Greek _____, means “other,” and stereos, means “site or space.”

A

allo

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2
Q

is an enzyme with two or more protein chains (quaternary structure) and two kinds of binding sites (substrate and regulator)

A

Allosteric Enzymes

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3
Q

substances that bind at regulatory sites of allosteric enzymes

A

Regulators

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4
Q

increases enzyme activity; the shape of the active site is changed such that it can more readily accept substrate.

A

positive regulator

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5
Q

a noncompetitive inhibitor; decreases enzyme activity; changes to the active site are such that substrate is less readily accepted.

A

negative regulator

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6
Q

a process in which activation or inhibition of the first reaction in a reaction sequence is controlled by a product of the reaction sequence

A

Feedback Control

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7
Q

an enzyme that catalyzes the breaking of peptide bonds that maintain the primary structure of a protein

A

proteolytic enzyme

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8
Q

is the inactive precursor of a proteolytic enzyme

A

zymogen or proenzyme

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9
Q

is a process in which enzyme activity is altered by covalently modifying the structure of the enzyme through attachment of a chemical group to or removal of a chemical group from a particular amino acid within the enzyme’s structure.

A

Covalent Modification of Enzymes

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10
Q

Blocks the action of angiotensinogen (specifically angiotensin I) to form the vasoconstrictor, angiotensin II. These inhibitors also diminish the rate of bradykinin (potent vasodilator) inactivation.

A

ACE Inhibitors

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11
Q

acts as a competitive inhibitor to enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway for converting PABA into folic acid, specifically competes with the substrate(PABA) for the enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase

A

Sulfa Drugs

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12
Q

an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of peptide cross links between polysaccharide strands in bacterial cell walls. These cross links strengthen cell walls necessary to protect the bacterium from lysis

A

Transpeptidase

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13
Q

Interfere with the last step of bacterial cell wall synthesis (transpeptidation or cross-linkage) thus inhibiting transpeptidase enzyme (as very selective competitive inhibitor) exposing the osmotically less stable membrane causing lysis.

A

Penicillins

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14
Q

an enzyme which protects bacteria
from penicillin

A

Penicillinase

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15
Q

an enzyme that helps metabolize drugs in the body

A

cytochrome P450s

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16
Q

A drug used to treat and prevent abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias)

A

Amiodarone

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17
Q

Antidepressants

A

Buspirone,sertraline

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18
Q

An anti-seizure medication

A

Carbamazepine

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19
Q

Immunosuppressant drugs

A

Cyclosporine

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20
Q

Calcium-channel blockers used to treat high blood pressure

A

Felodipine , nifedipine, nimodipine, nisoldipine

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21
Q

An HIV medication

A

Saquinavir

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22
Q

Statins used to treat high cholesterol

A

Simvastatin, lovastatin , atorvastatin

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23
Q

is an enzyme that is found primarily in skeletal and cardiac muscle and in smaller fractions in the brain

A

Creatine kinase

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24
Q

TYPES OF CREATININE KINASE:

A
  • muscle (CK-MM)
  • brain (CK-BB),
  • cardiac tissue (CK-MB)
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25
Q

important marker in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI)

A

cardiac tissue (CK-MB)

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26
Q

TROPONIN:

are sensitive markers of cardiac injury

A

Troponin I and T

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27
Q

TROPONIN:

is found solely in the cardiac muscle

A

Troponin I

28
Q

TROPONIN:

is found in both cardiac and skeletal muscle

A

Troponin T

29
Q

liver tissue. It is also located in myocardial, muscle, and renal tissue

A

Alanine Aminotransferase/ serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT)

30
Q

considered a specific marker for liver disease

A

Alanine Aminotransferase/ serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT)

31
Q

found in the liver. It is also present in the heart, kidney, pancreas, lungs, and skeletal muscle

A

Aspartate Aminotransferase/ serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT)

32
Q

For diagnosis of liver disease

A

Aspartate Aminotransferase/ serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT)

33
Q

an enzyme found in the liver, kidney, and pancreas.

A

g-Glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGT)

34
Q

useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of alcoholic liver disease

A

g-Glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGT)

35
Q

enzyme involved in the interconversion of lactate and pyruvate. is found in many tissues, including heart, brain, liver, skeletal muscle, kidneys, lungs, and RBCs

A

Lactate Dehydrogenase

36
Q

are present in liver tissue, and elevations may be seen in liver disease such as hepatitis and cirrhosis

A

LDH4 and LDH5

37
Q

may be useful in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction

A

LDH1 and LDH2

38
Q

enzyme that aids in the digestion of fat. It is primarily secreted by the pancreas.

A

Lipase

39
Q

useful in the diagnosis of pancreatitis and is considered a more specific marker for pancreatitis than amylase

A

Lipase

40
Q

enzyme that aids in digestion by breaking down complex carbohydrates into simple sugars

A

Amylase

41
Q

What condition is this isoenzyme pattern:

Moderate elevation of LDH1, slight elevation of LDH2

A

Myocardial infarction

42
Q

What condition is this isoenzyme pattern:

Large elevation of LDH5, Moderate elevation of LDH4

A

Acute hepatitis

43
Q

What condition is this isoenzyme pattern:

Elevation of LDH1-3

A

Muscular dystrophy

44
Q

What condition is this isoenzyme pattern:

Large elevation of LDH1

A

Megaloblastic anemia

45
Q

What condition is this isoenzyme pattern:

Moderate elevation of LDH1 and LDH2

A

Sickle cell anemia

46
Q

What condition is this isoenzyme pattern:

Elevation of LDH5

A

Arthritis with joint infections

47
Q

Major diagnostic use of what enzyme:

Liver and pancreatic disease

A

Amylase

48
Q

Major diagnostic use of what enzyme:

Prostate cancer

A

Acid phosphate

49
Q

Major diagnostic use of what enzyme:

Liver and bone disease

A

Alkaline phosphatase

50
Q

Major diagnostic use of what enzyme:

Myocardial infarction and muscle disorders

A

Creatine phosphokinase

51
Q

Major diagnostic use of what enzyme:

Myocardial infarction, leukemia, anemia

A

Lactate dehydrogenase

52
Q

Major diagnostic use of what enzyme:

Hypertension

A

Renin

53
Q

Major diagnostic use of what enzyme:

Myocardial infarction

A

Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT)

54
Q

Major diagnostic use of what enzyme:

Infectious hepatitis

A

Glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT)

55
Q

Major diagnostic use of what enzyme:

Acute pancreatitis

A

Trypsin

56
Q

Major diagnostic use of what enzyme:

Wilson’s disease

A

Ceruplasmin

57
Q

It is an enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis of fats. It is secreted by pancreas and Liver.

A

Lipase

58
Q

is the enzyme concerned with the break down of dietary starch and glycogen to maltose

A

α- amylase

59
Q

It is present in pancreatic juice and saliva as well as in liver fallopian tubes and muscles. The enzyme is excreted in the Urine.

A

α- Amylase

60
Q

is secreted by pancreas, elevated levels of this in plasma occur during acute pancreatic disease.

A

Trypsin

61
Q

are a group of enzymes, which hydrolyze phosphate esters at an alkaline pH. They are found in bone, liver, kidney, intestinal wall, lactating mammary gland and placenta. In bone the enzyme is found in osteoblasts and is probably important for normal bone function.

A

Alkaline phosphates (ALP)

62
Q

catalyzing the hydrolysis of various phosphate esters at acidic pH is found in the prostate, liver, red cells, platelets and bone. It may be elevated in metastatic prostatic carcinoma

A

Acid Phosphatase (ACP)

63
Q

catalyzes the transfer of the amino group of aspartic acid to α- ketoglutarate forming glutamate and oxaloacetate.

A

Aspartate Transaminase (AST)

64
Q

It catalyzes the reversible interconversion of lactate and pyruvate. It is widely distributed with high concentrations in the heart, skeletal muscle, liver, kidney, brain and erythrocytes.

A

Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)

65
Q

This enzyme is increased in plasma in myocardial infarction, acute leukemias, generalized carcinomatosis and in acute hepatitis. Estimation of it isoenzymes is more useful in clinical diagnosis to differentiate hepatic disease and myocardial infarction.

A

Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)

66
Q

is found in heart muscle brain and skeletal muscle

A

Creatine kinase (CK) or creatine phosphokinase (CPK)

BIO 024: Biochemistry (16 decks)

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