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Biochemistry > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

The length of fatty acids (# of carbons)…

A

affects their solubility

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2
Q

Amphiathic

A

hydrophobic on the inside and hydrophilic on the outside, bile salts are amphipathic

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3
Q

Triglycerides

A

major dietary source of fat, consist of a glycerol backbone wit 3 fatty acids attached

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4
Q

Triglycerides are hydrolyzed into ____ in the small intestine

A

fatty acids and 2-monoacylglycerol

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5
Q

Triglycerides are

A

hydrophobic

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6
Q

not soluble

A

Triglycerides and other hydrophobic substances are _________ in the aq environment of the intestine

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7
Q

Bile salts

A

a derivative of cholesterol, made by the liver, act as emulsifies to surround the fat and allow them to be broken down and absorbed

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8
Q

bile salts and phospholipids are

A

secreted by the gall bladder where they are stored, amphipathic

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9
Q

Colipase

A

binds to the fat and bile salts around emulsion droplets, breaking triglycerides into fatty acids and monoglycerides

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10
Q

Micelles

A

from wen the bile salts reach a concentration greater than the “critical micelles concentration”, below which the bile salts are soluble

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11
Q

critical micelle concentration

A

the concentration of lipid required for micelle formation

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12
Q

What is packaged in micelles?

A

fat-soluble vitamins, cholesterol, triglycerides

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13
Q

Where will micelles be absorbed?

A

through the microvilli of the intestine

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14
Q

micelles formation

A

polar heads around the outside surrounding the hydrophobic materials within

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15
Q

the hormone CCK (cholecystokinin) causes what to happen when the chyme enters the duodenum?

A

bile salts are released from the gall bladder, enzymes from the pancreas, secretin signals bicarbonate to neutralize pH and allow enzymes to function

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16
Q

true or false little fat is lost in faces

A

true

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17
Q

Bile salts _______ be absorbed into the ______v

A

will not, mucosal cells

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18
Q

when will bile salts be reabsorbed?

A

further down the intestine bile salts will be absorbed to be used again in another digestive cycle

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19
Q

what chains of fatty acids do not require bile salts for absorption? Why?

A

medium and short. because water soluble, can enter blood and be transported to the liver bound to albumin

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20
Q

Chylomicrons

A

largest lipoproteins and contain the greatest proportion of trigylcerids. Within the blood that have come from the digestive tract

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21
Q

when lipids are reassembled into triglycerides they will be what?

A

packaged with protein to allow travel in water-based blood

22
Q

how do chylomicrons travel?

A

first into the lymphatic system, enter the bloodstream through the thoracic duct

23
Q

VLDL (very low density lipoprotein)

A
  • fat delivery system from the liver

smaller tan chylomicrons, but still contain a high proportion of triglycerides

24
Q

HDL

A

high cholesterol and are the densest lipoprotein due to their high protein content

25
Q

Is insulin released in the fasted state

A

No

26
Q

Is insulin released in fed state?

A

Yes

27
Q

What is lipid mostly

A

Triglyceride

28
Q

Triglycerides

A
  • glycerol backbone with three fatty acids
  • makeup of them is dependent on diet
  • major source of dietary fat
29
Q

When are lingual and gastric lipases most active?

A

In short and medium fatty acids which would be found in milk

30
Q

What do bile salts do in fats?

A

Keep them separated and expand the surface a area of the fat to be broken down

31
Q

Where are bile salts and enzymes released from?

A

Gallbladder

32
Q

Where are enzymes released from?

A

Pancreas

33
Q

Why is bicarbonate release?

A

Due to a signal from secretin to neutralize pH and allow enzymes to function

34
Q

What is the absorption of fat soluble substances depending on?

A

Presence of dietary fats

35
Q

LPL

A
  • lines the capillaries in muscle and adipose tissue

- breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids and takes the fatty acids into the adipose tissue and muscle

36
Q

Excess carbs and proteins

A

Make fat leading to LDL

37
Q

What does LDL need?

A

Receptor mediated process to get taken from the blood

38
Q

What is cholesterol’s polarity?

A

Extremely non polar

39
Q

Is cholesterol soluble?

A

Is insoluble in water and needs to be transported with lipoproteins

40
Q

Where are bike salts made and stored?

A

Made in liver, stored in gallbladder

41
Q

Bile salts polarity

A

Lots of rings with C and H but have OH giving polarity

42
Q

What are lipids mainly made up of?

A

triglycerides

43
Q

What do lipases break down?

A

break down triglycerides (glycerol and 3 fatty acids)

44
Q

When lipids break down triglycerides what do they break them down to?

A

take 2 fatty acids off and leave the middle 1 (monoglyceride)

45
Q

When triglycerides are broken down what happens to them?

A

taken in enterocytes and made back into triglycerides and packaged in chylomicrons and delivered to the body

46
Q

Because our bodies are a water based system what do we need to transport proteins and phospholipids?

A

lipoproteins that are soluble in water

47
Q

Do chylomicrons circulate in the blood?

A

yes

48
Q

Lipoproteins lipase

A

breaks down triglycerides in the chylomicrons and allow fatty acids to be taken up by muscle and adipose tissue

49
Q

What does the makeup of triglycerides in our body depend on?

A

what we eat in our diet

50
Q

What is the major dietary source of fat?

A

triglycerides

Biochemistry (22 decks)

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