Lipids

Question 1

Define lipids

Answer 1

Any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents

Question 2

What do lipids do?

Answer 2

• aid in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins such as vitamins A, D, E, and K
• insulate the body protecting it against extreme temperatures
• nerve cells are surrounded by a layer of fat which is essential for efficient nerve signaling
• protection of organs
• formation of hormones
• damaged tissue repair

Question 3

At room temperature, what are fats?

Answer 3

Solid

Question 4

At room temperature, what are oils?

Answer 4

Liquid

Question 5

What is an example of a fat?

Answer 5

Butter

Question 6

What is an example of an oil?

Answer 6

Avocado Oil

Question 7

What does cholesterol do?

Answer 7

It is essential for the synthesis of vitamin D, bile, the sex hormones estrogen and progesterone, and is a part of the cell membrane in your body

Question 8

Define cholesterol

Answer 8

Cholesterol is a type of fat that is essential to your body

Question 9

What are the two types of lipoproteins?

Answer 9

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)

Question 10

What are the three types of fatty acids?

Answer 10

Saturated fatty acids (SFAs), Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)

Question 11

Define saturated fatty acid (SFA)

Answer 11

Contain single bonds between adjacent carbon atoms. They are called “saturated” because they contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms

Question 12

Define low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

Answer 12

The form of lipoprotein in which cholesterol is transported in the blood. For a long time, LDL was called the “bad” cholesterol that clogs arteries and becomes plaque. We not know that this is not the case and that cholesterol is much more complicated

Question 13

Define high-density lipoprotein (HDL)

Answer 13

A lipoprotein that removes cholesterol from the blood and is associated with a reduced risk of atherosclerosis and heart disease

Question 14

Define fatty acid

Answer 14

Fatty acids are present in triglycerides, which make up fats and oils

Question 15

Define polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)

Answer 15

Contain more than one double bond between adjacent carbon atoms in the chemical structure. The body can make most of the PUFAs that it requires. PUFAs that cannot be made by the body are called essential PUFAs. Omega-3 fatty acids are an example of a PUFA that is essential

Question 16

What foods contain PUFAs?

Answer 16

Sources of Omega-3 fatty acids are salmon, flax seeds, and walnuts

Question 17

What was Ancel Keys’ theory in the 1950s?

Answer 17

His theory was that heart attacks were caused by a diet high in saturated fats

Question 18

Describe the experimental study conducted by Keys and colleagues

Answer 18

They studied thousands of patients at mental hospitals in Minnesota, feeding one group a diet high in corn oil and the other group got saturated fats

Question 19

What has the new team of scientists recovered from the data?

Answer 19

They discovered that there was actually evidence of harm from the high corn oil diet. Those that lowered their cholesterol more had increased rather than reduced risk of death