Energy From Food

Question 1

What does food do?

Answer 1

The food that you eat gives your body the nutrients it requires to function properly, but it also breaks down to provide your body with energy needed to live

Question 2

What happens during the digestion process?

Answer 2

• Food passes through a series of organs that are joined together from the mouth to the anus.
• Nutrients are absorbed.
• Waste material (feces) remains – consists of undigested materials, including fibre

Question 3

Mouth

Answer 3

Teeth begin to mechanically digest food. Food is mixed with saliva making it moist and easy to swallow. Chemical digestion of carbohydrates by enzymes in the saliva begins in the mouth

Question 4

Esophagus

Answer 4

Long muscular tube that takes food from the throat and pushes it down into the stomach by involuntary muscular contractions called peristalsis

Question 5

Stomach

Answer 5

Wall of thick muscle contracts to mash food. The lining of the stomach produces digestive juices that further break down food and aid in nutrient absorption. The breakdown of fat begins by the enzyme lipase. Protein digestion begins by an enzyme called pepsin

Question 6

Liver

Answer 6

Blood from the intestine goes to the liver carrying products of digestion (nutrients) for processing. It also makes bile which aids in the digestion of lipids in the small intestine

Question 7

Gallbladder

Answer 7

Stores bile after secretion in the liver and before use in the small intestine

Question 8

Pancreas

Answer 8

Secretes enzymes important for digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. The pancreas also produces several important hormones

Question 9

Small Intestine

Answer 9

Very long (20 feet) narrow tube where nutrients are broken down further to be very small and easily absorbed through the lining of the small intestine. The breakdown of fat continues, as the pancreas releases lipase into the small intestine and with the help of bile secreted from the liver. Protein digestion continues by an enzyme called trypsin, also produced by the pancreas

Question 10

Large Intestine

Answer 10

Substances that have not yet been absorbed, but are useful (like water and minerals), are returned through the large intestine walls back into the blood. The remains are formed into a stool, which consists mainly of fibre, water and microorganisms

Question 11

Rectum and Anus

Answer 11

Feces are stored in the rectum and squeezed through a ring of muscle, called the anus, out of the body.

Question 12

When do we use energy?

Answer 12

There are millions of chemical reactions happening in our body at all times so we are ALWAYS using energy, even when sleeping or sitting

Question 13

What factors affect energy use?

Answer 13

The amount of energy a person uses depends on a variety of factors including age, sex, gender and amount of muscle mass

Question 14

What is basal metabolism?

Answer 14

The amount of energy that our body needs for processes required to sustain life is called basal metabolism

Question 15

What does BMR stand for?

Answer 15

Basal metabolic rate

Question 16

What is BMR?

Answer 16

The basal metabolic rate is the amount of energy used per kilogram of body mass to carry out these basic life-sustaining functions

Question 17

Does it take more energy to maintain muscle or fat?

Answer 17

Muscle

Question 18

What is thyroxin and what does it do?

Answer 18

Thyroxin is a hormone and it’s produced by the thyroid. It is responsible for allowing the body’s cells to use energy

Question 19

What is hypothyroidism?

Answer 19

People with hypothyroidism produce an inadequate amount of the hormone thyroxin

Question 20

What is hyperthyroidism?

Answer 20

People with hyperthyroidism produce too much thyroxin