Limits - NATOPS Ch. 4 Flashcards by Anthony Cable

Flight display digital readout will display _____ in red when a TGT or torque limit is exceeded.

Crew shall land ________________.

XXX

Land as soon as practicable.

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Engine is limited by these 5 things

Ng, Np, TGT, oil px, oil temp

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How is a starter cycle defined?

Starter initiation, acceleration in Ng, starter dropout/disengagement.

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A ____ second delay is required between start attempts any time a start is aborted, except during emergencies.

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Engine Start Limitations (3 things)

Within single/dual engine start envelope. For crossbleeds, receiving engine shall be at or above 24% Ng prior to advancing PCL to IDLE.
Engine start with the main rotor blades or tail pylon folded is prohibited.
The start TGT limit is 851 degrees C until idle speed is attained.

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What is idle speed considered?

Ng 63% or above and matched within 3.

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Minimum Planned Fuel on Landing

600 lb

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APU Essential In-Flight Use (4 things)

Emergency Procedures
Single Engine Training
Practice Autorotations
Powering the ECS during extreme temperature operations

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TGT Limits

0-810, Continuous, Green
810-851, 30 minutes, Yellow
851-878, 10 minutes, Red
878-903, 2.5 minutes, Red
903-949, 12 seconds, Red
949 max

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Np Limits

<96%, Avoid, Red
96-105, Continuous, Green (Yellow above 101)
105-117, 20 seconds, Yellow
117-120, 12 seconds, Yellow
120 max, Red

Avoid Range: 20-40%, 60-75%

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Nr Limits

<96%, Avoid, Red
96-101, Continuous, Green
101-120, Precautionary, Yellow
120 max, Red
123 Maximum, FCF only, Red
127 Overspeed Latch, Red

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Dual Engine Torque < 80 KIAS

0-120%, Continuous, Green
120-144%, 10 seconds, Yellow
144%, Max, Red

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Dual Engine Torque > 80 KIAS

0-106%, Continuous, Green
106-127%, 10 seconds, Yellow
127%, Max, Red

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When do dual engine torque limits apply?

Both engines are above 65% torque.

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Single Engine Torque Limit

0-135%, Continuous, Green
135-144%, 10 seconds, Red
144%, Max, Red

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Ng Limits

0-102.2%, Continuous, Green
102.2-106%, 2.5 minutes, Yellow
106-107%, 12 seconds, Red
107%, Max, Red

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Transmission Temperature Limits

-50-105 degrees C, Continuous, Green
105-120, Precautionary, Yellow
120, Max, Red

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Transmission Pressure Limits

20 psi, Minimum, Red
20-30, Idle and Transient, Yellow
30-65 (45-60 in level flight), Continuous, Green
65-130, Precautionary, Yellow
130, Maximum, Red

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Engine Oil Temperature

-50-135 degrees C, Continuous, Green
135-150, 30 minutes, Yellow
150, Max, Red

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Engine Oil Pressure

22 psi, Minimum, Red
22-26, Precautionary, Yellow
26-100, Continuous, Green
100-120, Precautionary, Yellow
120, Max, Red

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Engine Start Limits

OAT < 16 degrees C:

1st cycle: 60 seconds
2nd: 60 seconds
3rd: 60 seconds
4th: 30 minutes

OAT 16-52 degrees C:

1st cycle: 60 seconds
2nd: 30 minutes

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Engine Motoring Limits (Ignition Off)

2 minutes engaged, 5 minutes disengaged

2 minutes engaged, 30 minutes disengaged

Times are cumulative within a 5 minute period.

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Transmission is limited by these 4 things

Nr, torque, trans oil px, trans oil temp

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Engine Torques over _____% are displayed as red XXX.

150%

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During any operating condition, no maintenance action is required if maintenance transmission oil temperature is in the precautionary range for _____ minutes or less.

Prolonged hovering in hot weather (86 degrees F, 30 degrees C) may cause trans oil temp to rise into precautionary range. Operating in the precautionary range for less than _____ minutes in this condition is acceptable and no mx action is required.

Transmission Oil Pressure Limitations that constitute a MAF but not an Emergency

Steady pressure outside of 45-60 psi, but within normal limits of 30-65. Fluctuations not to exceed a range of 10 psi, within the normal limits of 30-65.

During transient pitch or steady state nose high pitch attitudes, oil pressure fluctuations (momentary fluctuations below ____ psi and transient drops below _____ psi for ____ second) are acceptable. Fluctuations below _____ psi shall be limited to ____ minutes.

30 psi, 20 psi, 1 second. 30 psi, 30 minutes

During rotor engagement, a zero oil pressure indication may indicate a ____ ______ ______ condition. Shall be limited to less than _____ minute(s) and shall be _________ on a _______.

No oil flow condition 1 minute Documented on a MAF

Rotor Engagement/Disengagement Limit

45 knots any direction

Vne

180 KIAS

Sideward/Rearward Flight

35 knots

Max Autorotation Speed

100 KIAS

Boost Off Flight

140 KIAS

SAS 1 and 2 Inop in IMC

125 KIAS

Either PRI SERVO PRESS Caution

125 KIAS

Searchlight in fixed position other than stowed

160 KIAS

Searchlight in transition

100 KIAS

Dome at or above trail

70 KIAS, 45 degrees AOB

Dome below trail

70 KIAS, 15 degrees AOB

Cabin door opening/closing

60 KIAS

What is the note about airspeed with the MTS installed?

Unbalanced flight below 90 KIAS in descents over 1000 fpm will result in inaccurate and erratic airspeed indications.

Rescue Hoist Load Descent Rate Limit

1000 fpm

Hovering Limitations (4 things)

1. Prolonged rearward flight and downwind hovering should be avoided to prevent accumulation of exhaust fumes in the helicopter and heat damage to the window on an open cabin door. 2. Hovering turns at a rate in excess of 30 degrees per second. 3. Dipping sonar operations at altitudes other than 70 feet. 4. Do not tow the transducer in the water above 8 KGS with array folded and 4 KGS with array unfolded.

Towing Definition

Towing is defined as the cable contacting the funnel.

AOB Limits

Normal - 45 degrees Operations above 10,000’ DA - 30 Either PRI SERVO PRESS caution - 30 Boost off flight - 30

Altitude Limit

13,000’ DA

Prohibited Maneuvers (3 things)

1. Aerobatic flight 2. Practice full autorotations 3. Intentional approaches into or inducement of retreating blade stall.

Rotor Brake Limit

Max rotor speed is 76% Nr for application. Routine stops shall be 30-50% Nr and limited to 180 psi.

Blade Fold/Spread Limit

45 knots of wind from any direction 10 minute cooling period following a complete fold and spread.

Max Rate of Descent to Land

720 fpm when aircraft < 19,500 lb 480 fpm when aircraft > 19,500 lb

Max Rate of Descent to Land on Sloped Terrain

360 fpm

Max Touchdown Speed

75 KGS with tail wheel locked, 20 KGS with tail wheel unlocked

Max Ground Taxi Speed

40 KGS with shimmy damper installed, 20 KGS with shimmy damper not installed.

Slope Landing Limits

6 degrees nose down 9 degrees nose up 12 degrees cross slope

Note about Nose Down Landings

A low frequency oscillation may occur on nose down landings with cyclic near the aft stop.

Downwind landings _______ be avoided.

Should

Windows _______ not be installed or removed in flight, except during actual aircraft emergencies.

Shall not

Max Operating Gross Weight

23,500 lb

Maximum Launch and Recovery Gross Weight for Aviation and Amphibious Assault Aviation Ships

23,500 lb

Max Launch and Recovery Gross Weight for Air Capable Ships

22,500 lb

Max Cargo Floor Loading

300 lb per square foot

Max Cargo Hook Weight

6,000 lb

Max Rescue Hoist Weight

600 lb

Cg Limits

8.0 inches right, 7.5 inches left

Minimum Equipment for IMC

Both FDs Both cockpit MDs or 2/3 if qualified aircrewman aboard. WCA page shall be functional Both EGIs. Valid attitude by both, heading by at least one. ADC Slip/Skid indicators Standby mag compass with current calibration card Primary and backup mission computers RADALT Digital clock Pitot Heat Windshield wipers All backup flight instruments Instrument, navigation, and cockpit lighting One VHF/UHF ICS IFF, as required by ATC TACAN or VOR SAS 2, trim, autopilot LAWS (over water) Altitude hold (over water)

Minimum Equipment for Night Flight over Water

LAWS Altitude hold (RADALT or BARALT)

What two types of icing can we fly into? What equipment do we need?

Trace and light Operable anti-ice and blade de-ice equipment

What are icing conditions defined as?

5 degrees C or lower in visible moisture

Minimum Equipment for Passengers

Emergency egress lighting system (ADHEELS and IHEELS) shall be operable for all overwater flights requiring passengers in the cabin.

Temperature Limits

-40 degrees C to 60 degrees C -40 degrees F to 140 degrees F

APU Operating Limits

APU operation at 43 degrees C and above with engines and rotor operating is limited to 30 minutes. APU may be operated continuously up to 51 degrees C with engines and rotor not operating.

Backup Hyd Pump Limits

33-38 degrees C: 24 minutes on, 72 minutes off 39-60 degrees C: 16 minutes on, 48 minutes off