Instruments Flashcards
Aircraft Approach Categories
A: Less than 91 knots
B: 91-121 knots
C: 121-141 knots
D: 141-166 knots
E: Greater than 166 knots
Flight Service Station
Facilities that provide pilot briefing, en route communications, relay clearances, broadcast weather and originate NOTAMS, process IFR flight plans, and monitor NAVAIDs.
ESA - Emergency Safe Altitude
Altitudes depicted which provide 1000’ of obstacle clearance in non-mountainous area and 2000’ of clearance in mountainous areas within 100 mile radius.
Flight Level
A level of constant atmospheric pressure that is related to the standard pressure datum of 29.92 inches of mercury.
Minimum Crossing Altitude
The lowest altitude at certain radio fixes at which an aircraft must cross when proceeding in the direction of a higher minimum en route IFR altitude.
Minimum Descent Altitude
An altitude specified in feet above MSL, below which descent will not be made until visual reference has been established with the runway environment and the aircraft is in a position to execute a normal landing.
Minimum En Route Altitude
Altitude established between navigational aids or reporting points on airways, air routes, or advisory routes, that will meet obstruction clearance requirements and will also ensure acceptable navigational signal coverage.
Minimum Fuel
Indicates that an aircraft’s fuel supply has reached a state where it can accept little or no delay.
MOCA - Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude
Specified altitude in effect between radio fixes on VOR/TACAN/LF airways or route segments that meets obstruction clearance requirements for the entire route segment and ensures acceptable navigational signal coverage only within 22 nm of a VOR.
MSA - Minimum Safe Altitude
Provides at least 1000’ of obstacle clearance within a 25 mile radius of the navigation facility, waypoint, or airport reference point.
Minimum Vectoring Altitude
Lowest altitude in feet above MSL that aircraft will be vectored by a radar controller.
VFR on Top
ATC authorization for an IFR aircraft to operate in VFR conditions at any appropriate VFR altitude.
Types of Icing
Rime - many small supercooled moisture droplets freezing instantly as they strike the aircraft, forming a milky white agglomeration of ice particles.
Clear - mass of clear, solid ice formed by larger droplets spreading and freezing. More dangerous because of its greater weight, difficulty of removal, and its tendency to spread on the skin of the aircraft.
DD-175-1 Validity
3 hours after WX brief or ETD plus 30 minutes
Who issues a WW and when can you file into or through one?
National Weather Service in Norman, OK
- Performance characteristics of aircraft permit a flight altitude above existing or developing storms.
- Storm has not progressed as forecast. VFR filing permitted if existing and forecast weather permit. IFR filing permitted if weather radar installed and operative. IFR filing permitted if in positive control areas and VMC can be maintained.
