Limb Devolpment Flashcards

1
Q

AER

A

Apical ectodermal ridge.

  • initiates outworks growth of a limb as well as the PZ in anterior-poster and proximal-distal axes devolpment
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2
Q

ZPA

A

Zone of polarity.

Used in anterior-posterior axis formation. Contains high amounts of SHH

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3
Q

SHH

A

Sonic hedgehog

Prime signaling molecule in anterior- posterior limb formation

  • high amounts of SHH = posterior component differentiation
  • low amounts of SHH = anterior component differentiation
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4
Q

FGF

A

Fibroblast growth factor

Growth factor used to initae proliferation of cells.

Used in anterior-posterior (FGF10)

Used in proximal-distal (FGF8)

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5
Q

HOX genes

A

specific genes that control limb and appendage formation through apoptosis of of mesnechymal cells

  • play key role in proximal-distal limb devolpment
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6
Q

BMP

A

Bone morphogenic protein

  • used in seperation of digits by synergistic signals from SHH and BMP
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7
Q

Wnt7a

A

Used in ventral-dorsal axis formation.

Congregates around the dorsal ectoderm and generates dorsal differentiation

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8
Q

EN-1

A

Used in dorsal-ventral axis formation.

Aggregates along the ventral side and directly antagonizes Wnt to inhibit production.

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9
Q

Amelia

A

No limbs are devolved due to no initiation of ZPA

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10
Q

Polydactyly

A

Multiple appendages/phalanges due to improper SHH gradient production.

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11
Q

Brachydactyly

A

Shortened terminal phalanges due to HOXD13 mutation (ineffective)

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12
Q

Syndactyly

A

Webbing of phalanges due to improper BMP production.

Causes no/little apoptosis in mesnechymal between phalanges

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