Cardiovascular Flashcards
Cardiac tamponade
Pericardial effusion (usually blood) that causes the heart to slowly beat on that side due to pressure
Papillary muscles and tendinous cords
Contract to close valve after blood has rushed through
- defects cause AV valve prolapse
Where are coronary artery openings?
Behind the right and left valve flaps of the aorta
Diastole vs systole
Diastole: passive ventricle blood filling
Systole: active ventricle blood releasing
Always Systolic/Diastolic
Atherosclerosis
Constriction of coronary arteries in the heart usually through lipid deposits.
Requires a bypass
Most common places for atherosclerosis from most common to least common
Anterior IV branch
Right coronary artery
Left coronary circumflex branch
Left coronary artery
Posterior IV branch
Bypass
Vein grafts that replace coronary arties and provide a form of shunt that ignore normal route.
Still plug into aorta
Heart parasympathetic innervation comes from what?
Vagus nerve (C10)
Heart sympathetic innervation comes from what?
Anterior rami of T1-T5 through sympathetic chain
Pericarditis
Inflammation of infection of the serous fluid between the parietal and visceral pericardium
- sounds like static on auscultation
Cardiac thrombi
Blood clots that usually form on left atrium wall.
Valvular heart disease
Causes by ossification or plaque buildup on heart valves
Most common is aortic valve stenosis
Aortic aneurism
Enlargement of aorta causes structural failure
- results in hemorrhaging
Myocardial infarction
Coronary arteries are fully plugged and causes that section of the heart to be oxygen starved and ultimately necrotic if not fixed.
