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Studying > Light and Optics > Flashcards

Light and Optics Flashcards

1
Q

Speed of Light

A

3.00 x 10e8 m/s

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2
Q

SALT

A

Size
Attitude
Location
Type

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3
Q

Crest

A

Top of wavelength

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4
Q

Amplitude

A

Space between top of wavelength and line of rest

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5
Q

Line of rest

A

The line which the wavelength is being measured

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6
Q

Trough

A

Bottom of wavelength

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7
Q

Node

A

Where wavelength meets line of rest

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8
Q

Luminous

A

Creates own light

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9
Q

Non-luminous

A

Can only reflect light

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10
Q

Incandescence

A

Production of light from something being heated up

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11
Q

Electrical Discharge

A

Light emitted when electric current passes through gas (Creating glow)

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12
Q

Phosphorescence

A

Light produced by slow release of of light energy that is result of UV being absorbed

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13
Q

Fluorescence

A

Immediate release of visible light that is result of UV being absorbed

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14
Q

Chemiluminescent

A

Direct production of light from chem. reaction

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15
Q

Bioluminescent

A

Light in living organism as result of chem. reaction

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16
Q

Triboluminescent

A

Light from crushing/rubbing certain crystals (Friction)

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17
Q

LED

A

Contain semi-conductor that allows energy flow in one direction

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18
Q

Light

A

Fundamental energy that uses electromagnetic waves

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19
Q

Incident ray

A

Light approaching mirror

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20
Q

Light ray

A

Arrow indicates path light takes

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21
Q

Beam

A

Multiple parallel rays

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22
Q

Reflection

A

Bouncing of light energy from surface it was projected on

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23
Q

Laws of reflection

A

Angle of Incidence = Angle of Reflection
Incident ray/ reflected ray/ normal all on same plane

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24
Q

Reflected ray

A

Ray bounced off reflecting surface

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25
Q

Point of incident

A

Point where incident ray strikes

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26
Q

Normal

A

Line drawn at a right angle to the surface

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27
Q

Angle of incident

A

Angle between incident ray and normal

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27
Q

Angle of reflection

A

Angle between reflected ray and normal

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28
Q

Specular reflection

A

Parallel beams of light reflected in identical pattern

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29
Q

Diffuse reflection

A

Parallel beams of light reflected in diff. directions

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30
Q

Real image

A

Image that can be formed on a screen as result of light rays actually arrives at image location

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31
Q

Virtual image

A

Image where light doesn’t arrive/come from image location

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32
Q

Center of Curvature

A

center of sphere whose surface was used to make mirror

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33
Q

Principal axis

A

Line going through center of mirror

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34
Q

Vertex

A

Where principal axis meets mirror

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35
Q

Diverging

A

Convex

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36
Q

Converging

A

Concave

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37
Q

Case 1 SALT

A

Smaller
Inverted
Infront, closer to mirror
Real

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38
Q

Case 2 SALT

A

Same
Inverted
Same as object
Real

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39
Q

Case 3 SALT

A

Bigger
Inverted
Further in front of mirror
Real

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40
Q

Case 4 SALT

A

No image

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41
Q

Case 5 SALT

A

Bigger
Upright
Closer behind mirror
Virtual

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42
Q

Convex SALT

A

Smaller
Upright
Behind, closer to mirror
Virtual

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43
Q

Focus

A

Where light rays meet after passing through mirror

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44
Q

Radiowaves

A

Oscillation in electric circuits containing inductive/capacitive components

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45
Q

Microwaves

A

Oscillating currents through special tubes and solid state devices

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46
Q

Infared

A

Transitions of outer electrons in atoms/molecules

47
Q

Visible light

A

High energy transitions of outer electrons in atoms/molecules

48
Q

UV

A

Even higher transitions of outer electrons in atoms/molecules

49
Q

X-ray

A

Transition of inner electrons of atoms

50
Q

Gamma rays

A

Nuclei of atoms

51
Q

LASER

A

Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

52
Q

Properties of laser

A

-Very intense light
-Very pure in color/produces electromagnetic rays of exact same energy levels
-Doesn’t disperse over long distances

53
Q

Electromagnetic waves

A

Form of radiation that travel through universe

54
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum

A

Range of electromagnetic radiation organized by frequency/wavelengths

55
Q

Refraction

A

Change in direction of light when it passes through one medium to another

56
Q

Angle of refraction

A

Angle between refracted ray and normal

57
Q

Laws of refraction

A

-Any light passing through less dense (Fast) to more dense (slow) bend towards normal
-Any light passing through more dense (slow) to less dense (Fast) bend away from normal

58
Q

Air/Vacuum

A

1.00

59
Q

Air

A

1.0003

60
Q

Water

A

1.33

61
Q

Glass

A

1.52

62
Q

Diamond

A

2.42

63
Q

Snell’s law

A

Relationship between angle of light when it enters a diff. medium

64
Q

Special case refraction

A

When light goes from slower to faster medium

65
Q

Critical angle

A

When refracted angle is 90 degrees

66
Q

Total internal reflection

A

-Any angle larger than critical angle
-Must be soFA
-Angle of incidence must be over 90 degrees
-Light is reflected back inside the medium

67
Q

Lens Equation

A

1/F = 1/di + 1/do

68
Q

Magnification Equation

A

M = hi/ho = -di/do

69
Q

Objects at do are always

A

positive

70
Q

Positive di

A

Real image

71
Q

Negative di

A

Virtual image

72
Q

Converging lens F

A

Positive

73
Q

Diverging lens F

A

Negative

74
Q

M > 1

A

Larger

75
Q

M < 1

A

Smaller

76
Q

ho/hi is positive when

A

Measured upwards from PA

77
Q

ho/hi negative

A

Measured downwards from PA

78
Q

Negative Magnification

A

inverted

79
Q

Positive magnification

A

Upright

80
Q

Eye accommodation

A

The change of shape of the eye lens by eye muscles allow a sharply focused image to form on retina

81
Q

Iris

A

Controlling amount of light entering

82
Q

Pupil

A

Allows light to enter

83
Q

Lens

A

Converging lens that allows light to form sharp images

84
Q

Retina

A

Light sensitive cells allow to convert light signals into an electrical signal

85
Q

Optic nerve

A

Where electrical signal is sent to brain

86
Q

Why do we see upright images?

A

Brain inverts the real image

87
Q

Hyperopia

A

Far-Sightedness

88
Q

How to fix hyperopia

A

Converging Lens (Positive meniscus)

89
Q

Myopia

A

Near-sightedness

90
Q

How to fix myopia

A

Diverging lens (Negative meniscus)

91
Q

Presbyopia

A

-Form of myopia caused by age
-Eye loses elasticity

92
Q

What side is F for converging

A

Right side

93
Q

What side is F for diverging lens

A

Left side

94
Q

What happens when light hits lens

A

It refracts

95
Q

More emergent rays will displace

A

Thinner lens

96
Q

Locating images only refers to (ch.13)

A

Thick lens

97
Q

Rules for CONVERGING lens

A

-Ray parallel to PA is refracted through F
-Ray that appears to be refracted from F’ is refracted parallel to PA
-Ray coming from O continues straight through O

98
Q

Case 1 CONVERGING lens

A

Beyond 2F’

S- Smaller
A - Inverted
L - Between F and 2F
T - Real

99
Q

Case 2 CONVERGING lens

A

At 2F’

S - Same
A - Inverted
L - At 2F
T - Real

100
Q

Case 3 CONVERGING lens

A

Between 2F’ and F’

S - Larger
A - Inverted
L - Beyond 2F
T - Real

101
Q

Case 4 CONVERGING lens

A

No image lmao

102
Q

Case 5 CONVERGING lens

A

Between F’ and O

S - Larger
A - Upright
L - Between F’ and O
T - Virtual

103
Q

Rules for DIVERGING rays

A
  • A ray parallel to PA is refracted as if it came from F
    -A ray that appears to be emerging from F’ is refracted parallel to PA
    -Ray through O continues straight through O
104
Q

Diverging Salt

A

S - Smaller
A - Upright
L - Between O and F
T - Virtual

105
Q

Printer lens

A

Converging, case 3

106
Q

Type of lens for magnifying glass/compound microscope

A

Converging

107
Q

Cornea

A

Focuses light

108
Q

Aperture

A

Where light enters

109
Q

Converging lens

A

Refract light/focus it

110
Q

Diaphragm

A

Controls how much light enters

111
Q

Mirage

A

-Light travels at diff. speed through diff temp. of air
-Hottest air layers produce total internal reflection

112
Q

Apparent death

A

Light bending when it enters water makes objects look closer in water then they actually are

113
Q

Retro-reflectors

A

Light bounces back in same direction

114
Q

Fiber optics

A

Light transporting light to another location

115
Q

Why do we see real image in microscope?

A

Virtual image is absorbed in body tube thingy

yeahhhhhhhh

116
Q

Emergent ray (lens)

A

Ray that comes from lens after being refracted

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