Ligaments and sprains Flashcards
Range of movements occurring in shoulder
Abduction/adduction Flexion/extension Internal/eternal rotation Horizontal adduction/abduction 360 degrees circumduction
Muscles that control shoulder movement
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
teres minor
Subscapularis
Range of movements occurring in elbow
Flexion/extension
Supination/pronation
Muscles that control elbow movement
Biceps/triceps brachii Brachialis Brchioradialis Pronator teres Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor digitorum
Range of movement in wrist
Flexion/extension
Adduction/abduction
Muscles that control movement in wrist
Flexor carpi radialis/ulnaris Extensor carpi radialis/ulnaris Pronator teres Supinator Palmar carpal ligament
What is the shoulder girdle?
Proximal portion of scapula, humerus and clavicle
What is the shoulder joint?
The glenohumeral, acromioclavicular and steroclavicular joints
Where is the capsule of the joint?
Surrounding synovial membrane
What is a grade I ligament tear?
Mild injury, minimally torn fibres, no loss of integrity
What is a grade II ligament tear?
Moderate injury, incomplete tear, increased laxity of joint
What is a grade III ligament tear?
Severe tear, gross laxity of joint
No pain because complete separation of fibres
What are the four angles in the scapula?
Superior, inferior, acromial and lateral
What are the three borders of the scapula?
Medial, superior, lateral
What do the coracohumeral ligaments do?
Connect coracoid to humerus
Which muscle flexes the shoulder?
Pectoralis major
Which muscle extends the shoulder?
Tricep
Which muscles abduct the shoulder?
Supraspinatus and deltoid
Which muscles adduct the shoulder?
Pectoralis major and teres minor
What does the supraspinatus do?
Connects supraspinus fossa to greater tuberosity
What does the infraspinatus do?
Connects scapula to greater tuberosity
What does the subscapularis do?
Connects scapular fossa to lesser tuberosity
What does the teres minor do?
Inferior, lateral side of scapula to greater tuberosity
What happens to result in frozen shoulder?
Joint capsule is irritated and staid - no movement
What are the three forms of dislocation of the glenohumeral joint?
Posterior, inferior and anterior
What is posterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint?
Head of humerus is posterior to fossa
What is inferior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint?
Head moves inferiorly
What is anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint?
Head of humerus is anterior to glenoid fossa
Which muscle is responsible for the first 30 degrees of adduction?
Supraspinatus
Which muscle is responsible for adduction after 30 degrees?
Deltoid
When a muscle is damages, what happens to the speed of adduction in that region?
It happens much faster because of the pain
What is the positive test result for rotator cuff injury?
Ask the patient to lower a fully abducted arm slowly. A positive result involves the arm dropping quickly after 30 degrees
What are the two features of the humerus?
Capitulum and trochlea
What are the two processes on the ulna?
Olecranon and coronoid
What does the bicep brachii do?
Flexion and supination
What does the tricep do?
Extension
What does the pronator teres do?
Pronation
Which tendon is torn in tennis elbow?
Extensor
Which side of the elbow does golfer’s elbow occur on?
Medial
What are the two types of ligament damage?
Collateral and annular
Which ligaments could be damaged in collateral ligament damage?
Medial or lateral
What is annular ligament damage?
Annular ligament slips off radial head and gets stuck between radius and humerus
