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Musculoskeletal system > Cells and tissue types > Flashcards

Cells and tissue types Flashcards

1
Q

What is a tissue?

A

A group of similar (not identical) cells working to carry out a function

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2
Q

What are the four types of tissue?

A

Epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous

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3
Q

What is connective tissue?

A

Used for mechanical support, e.g. fibroblasts/chondrocytes/adipocytes

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4
Q

What is epithelial tissue?

A

Covers organ surfaces and provides a barrier between organs and the external environment

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5
Q

What do muscles cells do?

A

Locomotion and movement within organs

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6
Q

What are macrophages?

A

Phagocytes involved in immune system
Phagocytose foreign material in connective tissue layer
Antigen presenting cells
Develop from monocytes - can have specialised names in different environments

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7
Q

Can you distinguish between macrophages and fibroblasts?

A

No

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8
Q

What are the sic types of immune cell?

A 
Esinophil
Basophil
Macrophage
Erythrocyte
Lymphocyte
Neutrophil
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9
Q

What are neurons?

A

Cells of CNS and peripheral nervous system

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10
Q

What are the five classifications of epithelia?

A 
Simple
Stratified 
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnal
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11
Q

What are simple epithelial cells?

A

One layer

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12
Q

What are stratified epithelial cells?

A

Multiple layers

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13
Q

What are squamous epithelial cells?

A

Flattened cells

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14
Q

What are cuboidal epithelial cells?

A

Cube-shaped cells

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15
Q

What are columnar epithelial cells?

A

Column/rectangle shaped

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16
Q

Which type of cell occupies the space between cellular and fibrous elements of connective tissue?

A

Proteoglycans, they determine the permeability of connective tissue to solutes and proteins

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17
Q

What is the most common type of cartilage?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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18
Q

What three components make up hyaline cartilage?

A

Chondrocytes
Type ii collagen fibres
Extracellular matrix

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19
Q

What is the fatal skeleton made out of and why does this change?

A

Hyaline cartilage but this is reabsorbed and replaced by bone

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20
Q

How does elastic cartilage differ to hyaline cartilage?

A

The ECM contains more elastin

21
Q

Characteristics of fibrocartilage

A

Opaque
Little proteoglycans but lots of collagen I
Highly compressive and strong

22
Q

What is adipose tissue?

A

Fat - loose tissue with adipocytes

23
Q

Function of adipose tissue

A

insulation, energy storage, protection

24
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

A

Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac

25
Q

Characteristics of simple squamous cells

A

Single layer of flat cells and flat nuclei

Involved in diffusion across layer they form

26
Q

Examples of simple squamous cells

A

Endothelium and mesothelium

27
Q

What does mesothelium do?

A

Lines body cavities

28
Q

Characteristics of simple cuboidal cells

A

Single layer of cube-like cells
Common in glands and ducts e.g. kidney tubules
Often polarised
Used in absorption and secretion

29
Q

What is a polarised cell?

A

Top and bottom of cell have different functions

30
Q

Characteristics of simple columnar cells

A

Single layer of tall cells
Height varies depending on function
Nuclei often seen on basal part of cell

31
Q

Example of simple columnar cells

A

Goblet cells (produce mucous), found in digestive tract lining

32
Q

Characteristics of pseudo stratified cells

A

Single layer of cells with varying heights
Often looks like double cell layer
Sometimes ciliated

33
Q

Examples of pseudo-stratified cells

A

Basal and columnar cells

May function in absorption and secretion

34
Q

Characteristics of stratified squamous cells

A

Most common
Can be keratinised or non-keratinised
Basal cells proliferate and replace differentiated cells on outer surface

35
Q

Example of stratified squamous cells

A

Skin/oesophagus

36
Q

Characteristics of connective tissue

A

Most abundant tissue

Found everywhere in body

37
Q

Functions of connective tissue

A

Binds tissue together
Supports body
Inflammatory response

38
Q

Which types of cells are present in connective tissue?

A

Fibroblasts
Adipocytes
Macrophages

39
Q

What is connective tissue made from?

A

Fibres and extracellular matrix - made from collagen and elastic

40
Q

What are the two types of connective tissue?

A

Loose and dense

41
Q

What are the two types of dense connective tissue? Give examples

A

Dense regular - tendons

Dense irregular - skin

42
Q

Function of dense regular connective tissue

A

Resistance to traction forces

it is collagenous and has lots of connective tissue

43
Q

What does collagenous mean?

A

Regular orientation of collagen, low cellularity

44
Q

What is elastic tissue?

A

Elastin clearly visible inside trichrome

45
Q

Function of dense irregular connective tissue

A

Mechanical support

46
Q

Characteristics of loose connective tissue

A

Cellular and contains excess fluid
Structural support of epithelia of major organs
Transports cells and materials
Most common connective tissue

47
Q

Function of fibroblasts

A

Synthesises collagen and components of extracellular matrix

48
Q

Characteristics of fibroblasts

A

Enlarged nuclei, small amount of cytoplasm, elongated shape

Musculoskeletal system (24 decks)

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