Lifting (chapt. 11)

Question 1

Biomechanics of Vertebral column

Answer 1

based on the skull to pelvis

Question 2

Evolution

Answer 2

the beginnings of bipedalism

Question 3

Three type of Vertebrae

Answer 3

Cerivacal, Thoracic,Lumbar

Question 4

Recommended lift limit

Answer 4

a specific set of task conditions as the weight of the load that nearly all healthy workers could perform over a substantial period of time without an increased risk of developing lifted related LBP

Question 5

Vertebral Column

Answer 5

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, Coccyx

Question 6

cervical

Answer 6

Have smaller bodies and shorter spinois processes that stick straight back.The real tell-tale sign through is the presence of transverse foramen which the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae do not have.

Question 7

Thoracic

Answer 7

The body is kind of heart shaped and the spins process is long and points down

Question 8

Lumbar

Answer 8

The lumbered are much larger with a bean shaped body. The spinois process is ling and points down.

Question 9

Trunk work related injuries

Answer 9

cervical,thoracic, lumbar

Question 10

EE Line

Answer 10

The EE line describes the posture of the head and serves as reference for the angle of the line of sight. The EE line can be used for two purposes: to describe the tilt posture of the head and as the reference for the angle of the line of sight. If the EE line is tilted approximately 15 degrees above the horizon so that the eyes are higher than the earholes, the head is held erect or upright.

Question 11

Line of Sight

Answer 11

The line of sight connects the pupil with the visual target. Assuming an erect head, as just defined, the preferred direction of sight is appropriately straight ahead for distant targets but more and more declined the closer the object that the eye must focus upon. At reading distance (about 400 to 700 mm from the pupil

Question 12

Neck and Head Postures

Answer 12

The EE Line can be used for two purposes to describe the tilt posture f the head and as the reference for the angle of the line of sight. If the EE line is tilted approximately 15degrees above the horizon so that the eyes are higher than the ear holes, the heads held erect or upright

Inclination angle of the head should not exceed 30° for any prolonged period of time.

Question 13

Thoracic Outlet syndrome

Answer 13

the term issued to describe the condition caused by the pinching or squeezing of the nerves and blood vessels between the neck and shoulder. This can happen when work tasks require frequent reaching above the shoulder. Thoracic outlet syndrome is rare and difficult to diagnose with certainty. Studies have shown that many workers who were told they have thoracic outlet syndrome really had carpal tunnel syndrome.

Question 14

Recommended weight limit (RWL)

Answer 14

The RWL is defined for a specific set of task conditions as the weight of the load that nearly all healthy workers could perform over a substantial period time (e.g up to 8 hours) without an increased risk of developing lifting-related LBP.

Question 15

Lifting task

Answer 15

Defined as the act of manually grasping an object of definable size and mass with two hands, and vertically moving the object without mechanical assistance.

• Load weight (L)
• Horizontal Location (H)
• Vertical Location (V)
• vertical Travel (D)
• Angle Asymmetry (A)

Question 16

Neutral body position

Answer 16

Describes the position of the body when the hands are directly in front f the body and there is minimal twisting at the legs, torso, or shoulders.

Question 17

Frequency of Lifting (F)

Answer 17

Average number if lifts per minute over a 15m period

Question 18

Lifting Duration

Answer 18

Three-tiered classification of lifting duration specified by the distribution of work-time and recovery-time (work pattern). Duration is classified as either short (1 hour), moderate (1-2 hrs),or long (2-8hrs), depending on the work pattern

Question 19

coupling classification

Answer 19

classification of the equality of the hand-to-object coupling (handle,cut-out,or grip_ coupling quality is classified as good, fair,or poor.

Question 20

Significant control

Answer 20

Significant control is defined as a condition requiring precision placement of the load at the destination of the lift. This is usually the case when (1) the worker had to re-grap the load near the destination of the lift, or (2) the worker ha to momentarily hold the object at the destination, or (3) the worker has to carefully position or guide the load at the destination.

Question 21

Lifting index

Answer 21

(LI) index provides a relative estimate of the physical stress associated with a manual lifting job.